论行政决策中的听证制度

行证听证制度是指行政机关在行使行政权而作出影响行政相对方当事人的权利与义务的决定前，就有关的事实问题和法律问题听取利害关系人意见的程序性法律制度。在我国，行政决策引入听证制度有其充分的法理依据，具有重要的社会价值。但听证会不是决策会，不能遵循少数服从多数的原则对听证事项进行决断。目前，我国在行政决策领域引入听证制度尚处于起步阶段，还需要人们在多方面作出努力，从而使听证制度不断得到完善。     

论科学决策体制

科学决策体制是现代化管理体制的重要标志,它要求有科学合理的组织体系和严格规范的制度体系。健全科学决策体制需做到:更新决策观念;加强决策机构建设;提高决策者的整体素质;规范决策程序;完善决策制度;强化决策监督。     

‘Whatever it takes’: Polanyian perspectives on the eurozone crisis and the gold standard

Abstract

The parallels between the monetary politics of the gold standard and that of the eurozone crisis are striking and have informed contemporary debate about the future of European integration. The eurozone crisis has been widely interpreted as the result of a mismatch between international monetary integration and a concomitant lack of fiscal integration, or more broadly as the result of a European Union which is economically integrated, yet politically fragmented. The prospect of a 1930s-style descent into division and nationalism has formed the backdrop against which moves towards extensive integration at the supranational level have been made. Polanyi diagnosed the political effects of monetary integration through his analysis of the gold standard system in The great transformation, making it important that we unpack his analysis and consider carefully how a Polanyian perspective might apply to the eurozone today. I argue that Polanyi encourages us to look beyond ‘monetary vs. fiscal’ and ‘economic vs. political’ characterizations of European integration, and instead to examine how such oppositions are formed in the first place and how they constrain political debate, particularly in terms of how ‘sound money’ is established as the highest policy concern. Through a re-reading of Polanyi's distinction between ‘all-purpose’ and ‘special-purpose’ money, I highlight how, despite the huge efforts undertaken to preserve the identity of the euro as an all-purpose currency, the eurozone crisis has rendered visible a series of latent conflicts between the different functions of money. This analysis moves us away from the ‘monetary vs. fiscal’ integration view of the eurozone crisis and towards a more open study of how the various possible purposes of money are being articulated and challenged, offering some limited hope for alternatives to the current eurozone policy agenda.     

DOES THE TIME CAUSE THE CRIME? AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME SERVED AND REOFFENDING IN THE NETHERLANDS*

This work uses a sample of Dutch offenders, serving an average of 6.7 months of confinement, to examine the relationship between time served in prison and future criminality. To overcome the selection issues inherent in this examination, this article introduces a new method to the criminological literature that relies on a generalization of the propensity score to control for observed differences in offenders sentenced to different periods of confinement. On the whole, very little evidence of a relationship between time served and future offending was found. In particular, 3‐year reconviction rate and the proportion of offenders reconvicted in the next 3 years do not seem to depend on incarceration length. Although a relationship between time served and future sentence length was found, the evidence is modest.     

Ten key developments in modern policing: an Australian perspective

In this paper we endeavour to isolate the top ten innovations and developments that have occurred in policing in the last thirty years. We consider that each of them brought about a new mindset, pattern or trend into contemporary police practice. We have focused our attention on the last thirty years because it is during this time that we have both maintained a keen academic interest in the field. While we have focused our attention on the way in which each has affected Australian policing, we are cognisant of the fact that many of them had their roots in other settings long before Australian policy-makers adopted or adapted them.     

广告翻译的最佳关联策略

广告翻译涉及诸多因素,当前的广告翻译存在不尽如人意之处,尤其没有一个统一的广告翻译标准来指导翻译实践。广告翻译有必要寻求自身的理论依据,制定符合自身的翻译原则和标准。Sperber ＆ Wilson的关联理论填补了这一空缺。语言交际实际上是一个明示一推理过程,其核心就是寻求最佳关联。广告以及广告翻译都是人类的交际行为。广告翻译的核心就是译者在翻译的过程中掌握好最佳关联策略,即译文与译文读者之间存在的最佳关联性。     

On the Origins of the Franco-German EMU Controversies

EMU represented an important change in the economic constitution of the European Union. It is, to a large extent, a culmination of a process of Franco-German reconciliation and understanding. However, in the postwar period, there were significant differences in thought and economic policy-making in Germany and France. France was dominated by the tradition républicaine, giving a central role to the state in economic life. In Germany, the federal structure of the state went together with the social market economy. In this paper an analysis is presented of these differences in thought and economic policy-making, how they evolved through time, and how they contributed to shaping the nature and economic constitution of the European Union. The focus of the paper is on the Rome Treaties, the Werner Report and the Maastricht Treaty process.     

现阶段我国公民政策参与问题探析

公民政策参与是公民影响公共政策过程的行为,其受到诸多因素的影响。改革开放以来,我国公民政策参与状况有了长足的进展,表现在参与的过程、动机、功能、途径和方式等多个方面,但同时仍有许多问题存在。因此,需要从公民自身条件的改善、政策系统的优化、参与途径的制度化、参与平台的基层化、参与手段的现代化等多个方面加以改进。     

Portfolio allocation patterns and policy-making effectiveness in minority coalition governments

Although minority coalition has become a relatively frequent form of governance, it is often considered politically ineffective in policy making. To obtain sufficient support in parliament, government bills must go through the scrutiny activities initiated by coalition partners and overcome the concerns of external support parties in opposition. By examining parliamentary scrutiny on government bills, this paper explains the surprising policy-making effectiveness in minority coalition governments. Specifically, we argue and show that different patterns of portfolio allocation with the specific ideological locations of the ministerial office-holder, the coalition partner and the external supporter, structure the extent to which government bills are scrutinized in parliament, and therefore, the effectiveness of the minority coalition on managing and implementing policies. We empirically examine bills initiated by 256 ministries in 13 Danish minority coalitions between 1985 and 2015, and we reveal robust evidence that corroborates our argument.     

我国行政决策法治化的困境与路径分析

行政决策法治化是行政决策体现多数人意志、保障和实现多数人利益并使之规范化的过程,是现代政府建设的重要内容,我国法治政府建设也不例外。我国行政决策法治化虽然取得一定进步,但与现代法治要求仍不相适应,且面临诸多困境,所以我国行政决策法治化必须在公众参与、程序规范、监督有力和责任明晰等方面寻求实现路径。