The Challenges of Consulting the Public on Science Policy: Examining the Development of European Risk Assessment Policy for Genetically Modified Animals

With the growing importance of public engagement in science policy making and declining levels of public trust in food production, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has attempted to embed “good governance” approaches to strengthen scientific independence and open up risk decision making, which include the use of public consultations. However, “opening up” of risk assessment policies reveals some tensions; namely, balancing the goals of scientific excellence and transparency, protecting science from interests, addressing value judgments, and limited opportunities to debate ethical and social issues. EFSA's development of risk assessment policy for genetically modified animals is used as a case study to analyze these tensions. This analysis suggests that in order to fulfill good governance commitments and maintain trust in risk governance, closer cooperation between EFSA and the European Commission is required to provide “space” for debating the broader risk management issues. This publically accessible space may be needed alongside rather than instead of EFSA's consultation.     

风险管理理论视阈下高校廉政风险防控

随着经济社会的深度转型,高校的反腐形势日趋复杂。加强廉政创新,将风险管理理论融入到高校廉政风险防控管理的实践中,对进一步深化、延伸预防腐败工作具有重要意义。高校廉政风险防控是一项复杂的系统工程,应遵循系统原则、科学原则、动态原则和效益原则。为此,应在宏观层面加大对高校廉政风险防控的推动和指导,突出对重点环节的管理,完善组织内控与外部监督相结合的主体制度,在实体完善的基础上加强程序规范,为高校实现跨越式发展提供强有力的保证。     

社区矫正人员再犯风险评估工具实证研究

在社区矫正力量有限、增长速度缓慢,社区矫正规模不断扩大的现实背景下,准确鉴别出再犯风险高的罪犯加以重点控制,并根据高致罪因素进行个别化矫正是目前唯一可行、科学的策略。因此,制定科学有效的社区矫正人员再犯风险评估工具,将其应用于审前社会调查和罪犯监管矫正是一种当然选择。基于同期群比较研究研发的CIRAI系统经过实践部门两年实际应用,多次修订完成了社区服刑人员再犯风险评估评估表修订版(CIRAI-R),并取得了明显的实践效果。     

金融衍生产品市场风险识别与监管法律机制的完善

金融衍生产品的保值性、收益性、全球性等特点充分满足了21世纪人们对金融投资高回报、高收益的追求。但是金融衍生市场繁华背后存在着巨大的监管漏洞,巴林银行破产、中航油巨额亏损等投资失败的典型案例都说明了在这个市场上,风险管理控制没有跟上其经济发展的步伐,这必然阻碍金融市场乃至全球经济的进一步发展。以中国金融衍生产品市场为立足点,结合一些国际案例的教训,借鉴其他国家和地区的经验,从法律监管为切入点解析金融衍生产品市场的风险控制,可为我国金融衍生产品市场法律风险识别与监管法律制度的完善提供切实可行的建议。     

The Effects of Political Risk on Different Entry Modes of Foreign Direct Investment

Although numerous studies document the effect of political institutions on foreign direct investment (FDI), few works in the political economy literature have investigated the link between political institutions and the mode of entry chosen by investors, be it mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, or greenfield investments. Using panel data for 111 developing countries covering 1980–2006, we find that countries with political institutions that uphold good governance tend to attract higher levels of mergers and acquisitions, as opposed to joint ventures and greenfield investments, because such institutions help to mitigate the special risks faced by merger and acquisition investors. Our findings provide a nuance for understanding the different effects of political institutions based on the particular mode of entry.     

过失实行行为的本质及其客观不法认定标准

过失实行行为的本质在于制造并实现不被容许的风险。对过失实行行为客观不法的认定,应坚持结果回避义务对行为是否制造了不被容许的风险判断的决定作用;结果回避的不可能性导致结果回避义务的无效性;当法益侵害结果的发生不在注意规范保护目的范围内时,应否定过失实行行为的存在;行为人违反结果回避义务制造并实现了不被容许的风险方能将结果归责于行为人;风险升高理论是对违反结果回避义务行为与不法结果在无法确证因果关系时仍应予以客观归责的补强;容许的风险和风险分配理论仅具有在立法层面对结果回避义务的规定起理论支撑作用,在司法适用上并无有价性,而作为两者下位规则的信赖原则,实际亦是一个无用的规则。     

被害人风险介入的犯罪论体系构建简

被害人和行为人是多数刑事案件中必不可少的主体,现行的刑法理论往往只考虑行为人的刑事责任而忽视被害人的作用.而在实践中被害人对于犯罪结果的影响有时超过了行为人的作用,尤其是风险的自愿介入对犯罪构成和刑事归责产生重要影响.通过被害人风险介入的犯罪论体系构建,力求赋予被害人正当化的根据,使其真正被纳入到犯罪评价中去,从而构建行为人、被害人和国家三元化的犯罪评价体系.     

反思性法制现代化初论

反思性法制现代化的规范基础是商谈政治,法律范式是程序法。中国法制现代化事业应反思西方法制现代化运动轨迹,针对自身社会发展状况,创生一条具有独特个性也切合反思性法制现代化一般要求的合理性道路。     

Estimates of a Model of Male Participation in the Market for Female Heterosexual Prostitution Services

In this paper a simple model is presented that considers the factors influencing male decisions concerning whether or not to consume, at the margin, female prostitution services. Data from an extensively piloted and sophisticated national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles were used to test the predictions. Health risks of consumption, religious denomination and factors signalling variations in inherent risk disposition are shown to explain consumption of such services.     

反倾销：政府应确保公共利益

反倾销过程中,政府、行业、企业、消费者的利益不一致。由于反倾销的行使权在政府,这就要求政府在保护行业和企业利益的同时,也要保护消费者的利益,以求国家整体福利水平的提高,确保公共利益,不允许有目的、有选择地给某一方带来物质上的好处。完善社会主义市场经济是政府在反倾销中确保公共利益的根本。确保公共利益也是政府在社会主义市场经济条件下进行反倾销的行为准则。