IMF conditionality: An approach based on the theory of special interest politics

Financial assistance provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other International Financial Institutions (IFIs) aims to help member countries reduce their economic policy distortions. Because these distortions are endogenously generated, it is important to understand how IFI assistance interacts with the domestic political economy. In this paper, we review recent models of IFI conditional assistance that are based on the theory of special interest politics (Grossman and Helpman 2001). In these models, governments adopt inefficient economic policies and instruments because of lobbying by interest groups. IFI assistance helps reduce these inefficiencies, at least under perfect and symmetric information, and provided IFIs are representative of the general public in creditor and debtor countries. Factors limiting the effectiveness of conditional assistance as an incentive system are also identified. These are related to information asymmetries, the potential for political instability in debtor countries, and the IFIs’ own financial solvency.

商法公法化属性的法理辨析

随着法律的逐渐完善,商法规范中引入了公法性质的法律规范。通过从市场经济的角度分析民法、商法、经济法三者的序列关系,从历史的角度分析美国私法领域中商法公法化的社会原因,以体系化的学理视角分析私法公法化环境下商法公法化的实质内涵,可以看出商法的私法属性是无法动摇的,商法的公法化是私法领域“再市场化”的立法体现,是商事活动的自我规制与国家经济行政干预规则相统一的技术措施,反映了社会发展的法律工具主义的需求。     

论无主物法律制度的价值及在我国的适用——兼评我国《物权法》草案第九章

我国现行民法上没有完整的无主物的法律规范,这不利于调整实践中出现的相关问题.我们当前正在审议<物权法>草案,通过借鉴两大法系关于无主物的学说理论及立法经验,来构建我国无主物法律制度,以弥补我国立法之不足,稳定物之所属,发挥物之效用.     

中国工人阶级与工会的历史使命——兼论现阶段工会在协调劳动关系中的作用

人类是在劳动中起源的,生产劳动决定了人类社会的存在状态。“阶级”是人类社会关系的表现形式,对阶级及其组织的研究首先要从分析劳动、分析人们在劳动中形成的相互关系入手;工会是工人阶级自愿结合的群众组织,研究工会现阶段的使命就要从我国工人阶级形成的独特性及我国现阶段劳动关系的特点切入。     

对手机短信陷阱现状的调查与思考

随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立和完善,经济活动空前活跃,个体的主体意识觉醒和加强,人们的价值观念和行为准则也发生了深刻的变化。经济领域中敲诈勒索、坑蒙拐骗层出不穷,对此,必须从体制上、法律上、道德规范上进行综合治理,经济主体保持充分的经济理性,这样才能使得整个社会经济健康、稳定、持续发展。     

Foreign ownership of land in Phuket,Thailand

Thai Land Law does not allow outright ownership of land by foreign nationals. Phuket, a well-known Thailand tourist destination, is facing a problem of acquiring land by foreigners. The objective of this study was to compile data on ownership of land by foreigners in Phuket areas and explore the types of ownership through which the land had been acquired. The purpose of this study was also to assess the nature of the problems of foreigners owning immovable properties in Phuket, and the impacts could further make appropriate recommendations. There were two types of foreign ownership of land in Phuket. The first type was legal ownership of immovable properties by foreigners, and the second were the cases that foreigners took advantage of the loopholes of the law to acquire but in fact owned and utilized land mostly in scenic beaches by using Thais as nominees. These nominees could either be their spouse, or employees of corporate bodies or legal entities. In some cases, nominees were actually employees of law firms which assisted foreigners to register as a Thai corporate body. However, the impact of foreigners owning immobile properties in Phuket can be both positive and negative. On the positive side, the local economies actually benefited foreigners owning immobile properties as this led to increasing economic growth and land utilization. The negative impacts on the other hand were mainly the loss of revenue of local governments from local taxes and duties, including land price distortion. Another negative dimension was the difficulties of the public sector to control the negative environmental impacts. From the economic perspective, the feasibility of declaring areas where there is a high concentration of foreigners owning immobile properties as special area should be explored. Finally, the establishment of a ＂governing council＂ to control and develop conditions to protect the environment and reduce the impact to communities as part of the package of investment promotion should also be considered.     

大新县建设旅游经济强县的调查

大新县立足本地旅游资源丰富的优势，大力发展旅游经济的成功经验，对崇左市有很好的借鉴作用。它将有力地推进崇左市旅游经济的健康快速发展。为建设崇左大旅游打下良好的基础。     

公有制的生产力标准与实现形式的客观要求

适应社会化生产的客观要求建立公有制 ,是巩固和发展社会主义制度的需要。然而 ,怎样适应社会化的发展来建立公有制 ,却是需要我们在实践中不断探索的问题。这个问题的解决 ,有利于我们更好地确立适应生产力发展水平的生产关系 ,从而 ,充分利用并合理开发劳动资源 ,以服从和服务于我国市场经济条件下的社会改革。     

浅谈企业集团内的合同式劳动竞赛

在国有企业集团内实施合同式劳动竞赛对国有企业的发展具有十分重要的意义.     

A Political Economy Perspective of Judicial Review in the European Union: Judicial Appointments Rule, Accessibility and Jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice

The paper examines the benefits the sovereign member states of the EU expect to derive by granting the European Court of Justice the power to review the collective policy making decisions of the EU legislative bodies. Using the methodology of constitutional political economy it investigates the one-country one-judge rule of judicial appointments in the ECJ, the restrictions imposed on litigants to access the ECJ and the limits on the jurisdiction of the ECJ to review EU legislation. It also analyses how the presence of judicial review affects the size of the policy measures taken by the policy makers.