Homeownership and Nontraditional and Subprime Mortgages

This article documents the growth and geographic distribution of nontraditional mortgages (NTMs) and subprime mortgages during 2000-2006, and examines the association between these products and homeownership at the county level between 2000 and 2012. It finds a significant relationship between the origination of NTM and subprime mortgages during the boom and changes in the number of homeowners (positive during the 2000-2006 period and negative during the 2006-2012 period) but no significant relationship with the change in the homeownership rate. Looking at specific categories of the population, the results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of NTMs and subprime mortgages and increased numbers of homeowners for young households as well as for low income and minority households, but the relationship is smaller than for the general population. Overall, the relationship between NTMs and homeownership is stronger than the relationship between subprime mortgages and homeownership during the boom and it is less negative during the bust.     

论邓小平德育思想对学分制下高校德育的指导

学分制管理体制下,高校德育实效性低下已成为不争事实。原因主要有三：一是德育生命线地位被虚化而没有得到落实;二是学分制下学生的德育目标如何合理确立以及实现却始终是一个难题;三是没有形成开放的德育思想。而坚持德育首位,落实德育为先的理念是解决德育低效的前提;实事求是,合理分居设置学生的德育目标是增强德育实效性的有效途径之一;树立开放德育理念,建立学校、家庭和社会三位一体的德育网络体系是提高德育实效性的重要保证。     

商品房买卖中的利益平衡机制研究

房地产及其相关产业的开发对经济增长的贡献有目共睹.但商品房买卖中利益相关各方权利冲突是无法避免的,由此导致了商品房买卖中的权利困境.民事法律应当建立平衡机制,以调整相关各方的利害关系.优先权制度是符合我国民事法律相关规定的调节机制.当然,也应当注意到这一制度存在着限度.     

美国信用卡信用风险防范立法及其启示

信用卡作为金融支付业一种新型的电子货币,在我国正处于成长阶段.但随着信用卡业务的迅速扩大,信用风险的隐患也越来越严重了.如何认识、管理防范和化解信用卡信用风险,是当前信用卡业务经营管理中至关重要的环节.通过介绍分析美国信用卡信用风险防范立法,探讨其对我国信用卡信用风险管理与防范所起的启示作用.     

信用卡诈骗犯罪定性研究

信用卡诈骗罪是我国刑法中的一类新型犯罪。对于假借信用卡非法获取财物或财产性利益的行为,是否一概认定为信用卡诈骗犯罪,国内外理论和立法并不统一。以我国信用卡交易的实践及其交易规则为基础,分析我国信用卡诈骗犯罪的行为构造;在借鉴、考察国外相关立法和未来信用卡发展趋势等的基础上,提出:作为一种现代新型犯罪,我国刑法中的信用卡诈骗罪兼有传统诈骗罪和盗窃罪的双重属性。由此,可以有效避免实践中对相关犯罪行为定性上的分歧,并能适应未来信用卡犯罪的发展趋势。     

公司资本信用悖论

公司信用是无法依赖立法者安排与创设的。欲构筑公司信用的参与人 ,有内在动因经由公司法之内或之外的规则安排 ,展示自己的信用。而试图探询交易对方信用的参与人 ,有内在渴求在公司法制度之内或之外 ,达致自己的目标。立法者的使命就是创设一个空间 ,给前者一个自由安排或彰显自己信用的选择权 ,给后者一个多渠道获取信息的管道。     

贩卖毒品罪“贩卖”二字的真实含义

贩卖毒品罪是一种常见的犯罪,但是对于"贩卖"二字的理解则各有各的不同。综合归纳,人们的观点可以从两个角度进行分析,一个角度是从是否要有牟利为目的进行分析,一个角度指是否既要买进又要卖出的才叫贩卖。贩卖毒品一词的"贩卖"在目的性方面必须是有牟利目的,在行为方式方面可以是"买"、"卖"或者"买进后卖出"。     

Banks and the Communities They Serve: Time to Legislate?

In March 2007 HM Treasury published its latest thoughts on Financial Inclusion (HM Treasury Financial inclusion: The way forward, 2007), highlighting that after 10 years of activity in this area there is still growing evidence that the market is not meeting everyone’s needs, with significant numbers of people not able to access basic financial services such as credit. This continues alongside media stories of further bank branch closures in some areas, branches for high income earners only in others and the continuing controversy surrounding charges. This article will, with reference to the UK government’s financial inclusion agenda assess whether the time has come to implement legislation mandating that UK credit institutions have regard to customers needs when making decisions that could affect those most at risk from restricted access to financial services. These needs can include both access to affordable credit and access to financial services, such as bank accounts. The paper will use as a comparator the much talked about United States Community Reinvestment Act, enacted in 1977 and since amended, hailed (Barr New York University Law Review 80:513, 2005) and criticised (Macey and Miller Virginia Law Review 78:291, 1993) in equal measures, designed to ensure that depository institutions meet the credit needs of the communities they serve, particularly low and moderate income areas. Although not designed to tackle the perceived problems identified by the UK government, would enactment of similar legislation do more to achieve these aims that the activities undertaken so far. The article proposes that one way in which to improve the fight against financial exclusion is to improve the disclosure requirements of financial institutions, forcing them, where necessary, to provide data on lending patterns in disadvantaged areas.

河北省市、县政府行政信用状况的调查研究

以对政府信用概念的界定和评价方法的理论探讨为基础,对河北省市、县地方政府的行政信用状况进行了调查分析,提出了:理念先行,以完善"人民政府"的程序设计为目标,以建立"有限、有效政府"的职能转换为基础,以"责任政府"为重点,以"透明政府"为突破口,以德、法兼治为保障的改善政府信用状况的总体性思路。     

论政府的诚信、权威与法治

在社会诚信链条中,政府诚信是极为重要的一环。政府诚信状况,直接关系到社会诚信的状况,也关系到政府的权威。政府诚信主要体现在三个方面:政府行为的合法性、政府行为的可预见性、政府的责任性。政府诚信,是一种非权力性的权威资源,是政府动员能力的重要组成部分;政府诚信缺失具有很强的扩散性和长久的破坏性,人们不仅可能因此失去对政府的信任,更可能失去对法律的信任,因此必须通过法治途径推进政府诚信建设;政府诚信建设的过程,同时也是政府法治化的过程。