论信用证诈骗犯罪案件的侦查

随着我国即将加入 WTO,信用证诈骗犯罪案件将会呈现增多的趋势,信用证诈骗犯罪案件具有典型的智能性、专业性和国际性的特征,对这类犯罪案件的侦查对策研究目前还显得十分薄弱,本文在分析信用证交易的运作流程、特点及其法律特征的基础上,提出了此类犯罪案件的侦查途径、取证措施和证据规格。     

关于中国个人信用制度的构建

个人信用制度作为整个信用制度的重要内容,对我国启动消费、扩大内需、刺激经济的发展具有重大意义。鉴于目前我国建立个人信用制度的紧迫性和必要性以及我国目前个人信用制度的起步状况、存在的问题,发展个人信用制度需要解决五方面的问题。     

Demand for credit,international financial legitimacy,and vulnerability to crises: Regulatory change and the social origins of Iceland's collapse

By analyzing how credit in Iceland expanded to culminate in the country's 2008 financial collapse, this article advances theories about financial crises, regulatory change, and the role of credit. It also complicates popular accounts of Iceland's collapse that focus on the actions of unrestrained bankers by examining the larger context that facilitated these banking practices. After financial liberalization, Icelandic businesses and households had strong demand for credit as a result of: (i) the institutional meaning of credit, (ii) an emergent growth strategy of aggressive international expansion, and (iii) increasing consumption. Incorporating business demand for credit extends demand‐side theory of crises and shows how dominant strategy and shared government and business orientation toward opportunity shaped credit expansion. Credit‐based consumption also stabilized social relations despite increasing inequality. Notwithstanding warnings of risk, regulation did not restrain risky leverage. International market reactions reinforced beliefs about Icelandic success to limit regulatory reach, as Iceland's international financial legitimacy produced market‐based measures that leaders interpreted as signals of economic success.     

Capital Account Liberalization,Financial Structure,and Access to Credit in Latin America

This article revisits the question of whether capital account liberalization improves access to credit by advancing and testing a theory of how the structure of the financial sector shapes the willingness and ability of banks and governments to repress the domestic financial sector. In a highly concentrated financial sector, banks and governments are more willing to reap the benefits of financial openness by suppressing liberalizing reforms to domestic financial policies, and they can also better coordinate with one another to stifle these reforms compared to when the financial sector is diffuse. Using a panel dataset of Latin American and Caribbean countries, I find that capital account liberalization leads to a decrease in loans to private firms and households and an increase in loans to governments and state-owned enterprises when the financial sector is highly concentrated. Only when the financial sector is diffuse does capital account liberalization lead to reforms in entry barriers, directed credit programs, and banking sector supervision, which extends to improved access to credit for private firms and households.     

Debt in just societies: A general framework for regulating credit

Debt presents a dilemma to societies: successful societies benefit from a substantial infrastructure of consumer, commercial, corporate, and sovereign debt but debt can cause substantial private and social harm. Pre‐crisis and post‐crisis solutions have seesawed between subsidizing and restricting debt, between leveraging and deleveraging. A consensus exists among governments and international financial institutions that financial stability is the fundamental normative principle underlying financial regulation. Financial stability, however, is insensitive to equality concerns and can produce morally impermissible aggregations in which the least advantaged in a society are made worse off. Solutions based only on financial stability can restrict debt without accounting for the risk of harm to persons least able to bear the risk, worsen preexisting inequalities, destroy or impair the net worth of households, and impose unfavorable distributive consequences. This article offers a new approach to assist policymakers in developing and evaluating regulation to take criteria in addition to financial stability into account, but which do not undermine the aim of financial stability. It calls for a luck egalitarian approach, offering policymakers options to take the debtor's choices into account while still accounting for cognitive mistakes people often make in debt decisionmaking. It offers a general framework for the underlying principles for the regulation of debt: its focus is not on any particular forms of debt or its regulation but in structuring debt regulation more generally. It offers a set of recommendations on how regulators can take concerns about luck and equality into account in regulatory design.     

社会信用管理体系建设研究——基于市场机制的视角

由于市场机制在行业信用管理中的作用,使得诚信激励和失信惩罚机制具有了特殊作用。从经济发展实践来看,诚信激励机制与失信惩罚机制可以将市场经济打造成信用经济。本文基于诚信机制的运行原理和诚信机制形成的基本条件,提出对失信行为的最优惩罚量化区间,其经济含义是“诚信经营有利可图,欺骗行为并不合算”,并从诚信激励机制、失信惩罚机制和信息传导机制三个方面,具体分析了市场机制发挥作用的条件以及如何发挥市场机制作用等相关问题。     

The role of rural indebtedness in the evolution of capitalism

Few studies have attempted to systematize the broader consequences of ordinary indebtedness – the inevitable other side of credit. My purpose here is to suggest four preliminary theses on the role of indebtedness in the evolution of capitalism, with special reference to the rural sphere. I argue that across time and space, credit/debt relations have not only been a key factor behind social differentiation through the control of land, labour and capital (Thesis I). They have also fostered market discipline by forcing the borrower – whether a poor peasant or a company manager – to calculate, pay, trade, work, intensify (Thesis II). Interest-bearing and guarantee-based loans have thus generated pressures for economic growth, short-termism and innovations, but have also undermined traditional community bonds and environmental conditions (Thesis III). Through its remarkable reward-or-punish nature, the credit/debt couple represents a powerful mechanism of social selection that has, in the long run, crucially shaped the evolution of capitalism (Thesis IV).     

中小企业关系型贷款定价行为研究--以江苏省某国有银行县级支行为例

本文运用关系型贷款理论,以江苏省某国有银行县级支行为例,对基层地区中小企业贷款定价的影响因素进行了实证分析.主要结论有:第一,在地方信贷市场上,关系对贷款定价具有明显的影响,且关系越久,贷款利率越高;第二,企业的其他贷款行越多,贷款利率就越高;第三,企业年龄、资产规模、速动比率以及抵押方式等对贷款定价均存在一定影响.在垄断性信贷市场上,与银行关系长久的企业可能遭遇较高的贷款利率.应积极促进地方信贷市场上的银行业竞争,并将国有银行地方分支机构的信贷决策权下放,以更好地服务于地方中小企业.     

骗取银行信用罪之立法解析

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（六）》着重补充和修改了经济领域的四类犯罪,其中尤其以惩治金融领域与证券领域犯罪为显著特色,并相应地加重了对这些经济领域犯罪的刑罚。该修正案第10条新增罪名可以定为“骗取银行信用罪”：本罪的主观方面为直接故意;本罪的客观方面表现为采用欺骗手段取得银行信用,在结果上给银行造成重大损失或者有其他严重情节：关于重大损失的数额认定应截止到人民法院一审判决前。     

胶带粘面汗潜指纹小粒子悬浮液显现法的比较研究

在暴力犯罪中,胶带成为犯罪分子常用的工具,因此有必要对胶带粘面指纹的提取、显现技术作进一步的研究。通过分别配置几种小粒子悬浮液,比较显现效果得出结论:碳粉和K-12配制的悬浮液是一种针对胶带汗潜指纹显现效果良好的配伍组合。