商标权的保护研究

新商标法的实施,对加强商标管理发挥了巨大作用,但其立法的缺漏和理论上的争议依然存在,表现在商标侵权的归责原则,商标淡化,权利穷竭,平行进口等方面,对此问题进行剖析以期立法进一步完善。     

High-throughput DNA sequencing of environmentally insulted latent fingerprints after visualization with nanoscale columnar-thin-film technique

The goals of this study were to (a) ascertain human identity capabilities of DNA obtained from latent fingerprints that have been first environmentally insulted and then developed by the deposition of a columnar thin film (CTF), and (b) to determine if the CTF process and material are detrimental to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. Fingerprints were deposited on five different types of substrates and aged for one day, 7 days or 30 days while being environmentally insulted under one of the four conditions: 16.6 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH) (Condition A), 24.5 °C and 60% RH (Condition B), 35 °C and 67% RH (Condition C) and a cold condition (Condition D). Then CTF technique was then on 59% of these fingerprints. DNA samples from 805 fingerprints were extracted, quantified, subjected to manual library preparation using the Precision ID Identity Panel, and underwent high-throughput sequencing. The Ion S5™ platform was employed to sequence 124 SNP amplicons. SNPs were successfully sequenced from 802/805 samples. Total read depth was consistent across environmental conditions, and majority of samples had 100% profile completeness and 100% concordance. Anecdotally, libraries that were amplified with a higher cycle number had more ‘Major Allele Frequency’ flags compared to samples amplified with 23 cycle numbers, possibly due to stochastic effects. Neither the substrates nor the CTF process and materials inhibit downstream DNA analysis. DNA of low quality and quantity from the chosen samples can be sequenced using the Precision ID Identity Panel on the Ion S5™ platform which performed well, however, a different approach may be needed if spurious alleles are suspected.     

平行进口的法律性质分析

平行进口是否构成侵权已成为知识产权国际保护中的热点问题。文章研究了平行进口的理论基础 ,分析了TRIPS协议对平行进口的态度和西方主要国家在此问题上的立法与实践 ,探讨了我国现行法律制度和经济发展现状 ,并在此基础上提出我国对平行进口不应采取过于严厉的态度。     

国际平行诉讼的成因与对策分析

分析了国际平行诉讼产生的原因 ,阐述并分析了各国国内及相关国际条约对国际平行诉讼采用的不同对策 ,就当前我国立法和司法现状指出了存在的问题并提出了建议。     

浅析知识产权平行进口问题

由于经济利益的驱动,在国际贸易中,一国未被授权的进口商从外国知识产权人或持有人手中购得商品并未经批准而输入本国,而该知识产权在此以前已在本国得到保护,从而产生平行进口的问题.知识产权平行进口是国际贸易领域不可回避的课题,其合法性问题始终是知识产权法律界争议的焦点之一.学者因为对权利穷竭与地域性原则的理解不同,因而理论界出现了两种截然相反的观点.通过对相关理论及实践的分析,提出平行进口的合法化取决于各国国内法对于权利穷竭原则与地域性原则的明确与具体化的观点,并针对中国入市后对外贸易发展的需要提出了相应对策.     

国际贸易中的平行进口与知识产权保护

平行进口作为目前国际上的一个热门话题,在专利、商标、著作权等知识产权领域广泛存在。由于世贸组织的TRIPS协议没有提出较为统一的原则,因此各国采取了不同立场。随着中国加入WTO,我国由平行进口引发的纠纷也日渐增多。我国在对待平行进口问题上,应区分专利权、商标权以及著作权,分别加以考虑。     

Aid and state-building,Part II: Afghanistan and Iraq

Part I of this article found that, in South Korea and Taiwan, institutional legacy and continuity as well as the politics of aid did matter for post-war state-building. The inheritance and continuity of Weberian states and the receipt of aid either as budget support or increasingly aligned with local priorities helped to foster state-building. Part II of the study in this article explores a different dynamic of post-war aid to Afghanistan and Iraq which had a legacy of neopatrimonial and weak states. It argues that under more adverse initial conditions – for a neopatrimonial state – the role of aid regime and state-building strategies become even more important. Under these conditions, aid and state-building strategies may undermine state-building if they induce discontinuity in the existing state capacity and create parallel institutions to those of the state. Depending on the policies, state weakness may be reinforced if leaders are preoccupied with the politics of patronage.     

Human Leukocyte Antigen alleles as an aid to STR in complex forensic DNA samples

Human biological samples with multiple contributors remain one of the most challenging aspects of DNA typing within a forensic science context. With the increasing sensitivity of commercially available kits allowing detection of low template DNA, complex mixtures are now a standard component of forensic DNA evidence. Over the years, various methods and techniques have been developed to try to resolve the issue of mixed profiles. However, forensic DNA analysis has relied on the same markers to generate DNA profiles for the past 30 years causing considerable challenges in the deconvolution of complex mixed samples. The future of resolving complicated DNA mixtures may rely on utilising markers that have been previously applied to gene typing of non-forensic relevance. With Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS), techniques becoming more popular and accessible even epigenetic markers have become a source of interest for forensic scientists.The aim of this review is to consider the potential of alleles from the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex as effective forensic markers. While Massively Parallel Sequencing of HLA is routinely used in clinical laboratories in fields such as transplantation, pharmacology or population studies, there have not been any studies testing its suitability for forensic casework samples.     

汇改后人民币汇率变动对外贸影响的实证分析

汇率机制改革以来人民币名义有效汇率在短期内对我国进出口均具有显著正影响,理论上讲,汇率的变动可以影响一国产品的相对价格,从而使进出口量发生变化,并影响到贸易收支差额。人民币的升值已经成为理论界、经济界甚至全社会关注的焦点。研究其对于我国外贸的影响,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

东北资源环境约束下的“赶超型”工业化模式研究

赶超战略常被人们称之为"GNP"增长率竞赛。日本和东亚国家战后经济腾飞的实践证明"赶超型"工业化是行之有效的,但建国后中国东北优先发展重工业的"赶超型"工业化却引起众多非议。针对这种工业化模式,东北"赶超型"工业化的基本思路是遵循动态比较优势原则,通过重化学工业资源禀赋优势的动态化,使该产业从资源依赖型升级为技术依赖型,进而实现经济从生产要素数量扩张的粗放型增长向生产要素质量深化的集约型增长转变,以达到GNP的可持续高增长率。