城镇化视域下西部农村养老路径选择——以陕西关中农村为例

城镇化进程中,我国西部农村青壮年劳动力大规模向城镇转移从业,加剧了西部农村人口老龄化、农村"空心化"、老年家庭"空巢化"的趋势,致使部分农村老人陷入无人养老的困境。应将西部农村养老问题放在"新型城镇化"战略框架下,大力发展西部小城镇,加强小城镇基础设施建设与房地产开发,建立健全小城镇养老公共服务体系,创新农村土地流转制度和社会保障制度,引导农村空巢老人向小城镇聚集迁移,利用小城镇规模化、高效化的公共服务体系开辟出一条新的养老方式。通过小城镇养老与已有的养老方式相结,多路径破解农村养老问题。     

The Assessment of the Impact of an Aging Population of China on the Country＇s Economy

In the article, the author on the basis of the analysis of the structure of the population of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is making an attempt to identify the influence of increasing number of people over 65 years on the economic situation in the state. The introduction of reform of pension system of China is related to the additional expenses of the state. Basing on the method of pair correlation, the author shows that with increase of percentage of the aging population of PRC, the foreign exchange reserves of the state are increased; it is evident that the state forms the financial reserves for the pension fund of the country.     

养老保障体系的分割与整合——北京市的案例研究

文章以北京市为研究个案,对养老保险城乡统筹制度进行分析,发现以地方政府为主进行的养老保障统筹直接弱化了社会保障的城乡分割,但强化了养老保障的地区间分割。虽然在地区内缩小了城乡福利水平的差距,但实际上是加大了地区之间养老保障收入的不平等。这种“福利地方”意味着社会保障在国家范围内的“碎片化”状态的持续,将会对一个地方的人口规模、劳动力的合理流动及劳动力市场的健康发展产生巨大影响。     

How electoral vulnerability affects pension politics: Introducing a concept,measure and empirical application

Are electorally vulnerable politicians really less likely to support controversial legislation, such as pension reforms? While the literature on welfare state retrenchment has increasingly pointed to the role of electoral factors in the dynamics of social policy cutbacks, there are few studies that actually measure the magnitude of electoral pressure and its consequent impact on the politics of reform. To this end, the authors have developed a quantitative measure of the electoral vulnerability of politicians and tested its impact on pension reform outcomes using an original dataset comprising 16 Western European countries from 1980 to 2003. In line with expectations, the results show that the impact of electoral vulnerability on reform depends upon the system of interest intermediation. In corporatist systems, electoral vulnerability indeed impedes reform. But in pluralist systems, increased electoral vulnerability is associated with higher levels of reform. This is because unions in corporatist (but not in pluralist) systems can exploit electoral vulnerability in pre‐legislative bargaining, and thus pressure politicians. Consequently, this study has broader implications for the differential responsiveness of democracies to redistributive issues more generally.     

浅析我国聘任制公务员的职业年金制度

在我国,职业年金一般被企业作为员工养老补充保险的一部分而常被人们所论及,但是,随着我国公务员制度的深化和发展,我国政府在公务员的构成方面开始引入“聘任制”,而这种新型的公务员模式将与我国传统公务员在招聘、福利、待遇、晋升等各个方面表现出很大的不同.将聘任制公务员纳入职业年金体系具有一定的可行性和现实性,在解决目前公务员...     

论政府的养老基金监管职责

养老基金投资运营是养老金制度运行的重要环节。但是由于市场失灵的存在 ,必须由政府对养老基金进行监管。本文通过分析政府监管的边界 ,以及总结国外政府在养老基金监管中的主要职责 ,为我国科学设计养老基金监管制度和合理界定政府监管机构的养老基金监管权限提出建设性建议。     

Regulating the retirement age—Lessons from Nordic pension policy approaches

The likelihood that longevity will continue to increase has generated a search for regulation that make people work longer as they live longer, and thus not just containing pension expenditure but also enlarging labor supply, economic growth, and tax revenue. In public pension policy, Nordic countries have led the world with three types of approaches aimed at making people retire later. The first came when Sweden, followed by Finland and Norway, installed life expectancy coefficients in benefit calculation formulas. The second followed as Finland introduced age-related accrual rates and the third when Denmark indexed the pensionable age to developments in life expectancy. Since economic incentive-based regulations failed to raise exit ages sufficiently, Finland and Sweden subsequently linked pensionable ages to life expectancy like Denmark. While this policy brings out inequalities in health and workability, the fact that countries found it necessary to index the pensionable age to longevity instead of just relying on economic incentives in regulating retirement behavior may hold lessons for other countries.