FUNDING COMMUNITY POLICING TO REDUCE CRIME: HAVE COPS GRANTS MADE A DIFFERENCE?*

Research Summary: This research examines how funding from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), has affected violent and property crime rates in the United States from 1995 to 1999. Drawing on six years of panel data, we examine the effects of three types of awards made by COPS to 6,100 law enforcement agencies serving more than 145 million citizens. We estimate their impact on crime reduction over time in jurisdictions receiving funding and controlling for baseline levels of crime, socioeconomic characteristics, city size, and population diversity and mobility. Our analyses suggest that COPS hiring and innovative grant programs have resulted in significant reductions in local crime rates in cities with populations greater than 10,000 for both violent and nonviolent offenses. Multivariate analysis shows that in cities with populations greater than 10,000, an increase in one dollar of hiring grant funding per resident contributed to a corresponding decline of 5.26 violent crimes and 21.63 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Similarly, an increase in one dollar of innovative grant funding per resident has contributed to a decline of 12.93 violent crimes and 45.53 property crimes per 100,000 persons. In addition, the findings suggest that COPS grants have had no significant negative effect on violent and property crime rates in cities with less than 10,000 population. Policy Implications: The findings of this study imply that COPS program funding to medium‐ and large‐size cities has been an effective force in reducing both violent and property crime. Federal government grants made directly to law enforcement agencies to hire additional officers and promote innovations may be an effective way to reduce crime on a national scale.     

论广东公安工作的发展战略

入世不仅使广东公安工作拥有了更为广泛的服务空间,而且推动了广东公安机关自身改革的进程,也拓展广东公安机关与国际间司法交往与合作的机会。但入世在带来巨大利益的同时也带来了风险和挑战,社会治安更加波动,犯罪活动更加突出,文化侵袭更加严重,公安任务更加繁重。广东公安机关应采取积极主动的针对性措施,加强公安思想建设,全力维护社会政治稳定;加强公安队伍建设,全面提高公安民警素质;加强公安法制建设,确保严格公正文明执法;加强公安作风建设,积极大力推行警务公开。从而更好地服从服务于经济建设,确保社会治安的持续稳定。     

商贸社区治安治理模式构建途径选择初探——商丘市农产品中心批发市场警务现状调查分析

商贸社区治安治理模式的科学构建,不仅会制约社区内部的犯罪情势,还可极大地促进地区特色经济的发展。商贸社区治安主体由贸易直接参与者、市场管理机构、政府和警察构成。通过对河南省商丘市农产品中心批发市场的警务现状调查,探讨了商贸社区群众安全感变化的原因。只有培育良好的社区治安文化、正确选择警务模式、合理划分部门职责,建立评价监督体系,才能构建合理、高效的商贸社区治安治理模式。     

关于构建新形势下市场化治安防范机制的几点思考

市场化治安防范机制具有五个方面的基本特征。建立市场化治安防范机制是公安机关认真贯彻落实全国“二十公”精神的具体体现,有利于满足公众对安全理想化的需求,有利于缓解政府的压力和警力不足的矛盾,有利于提高民间闲置资本和人力的利用率,有利于推进社会的长治久安。建立新形势下市场化治安防范机制需把握好“四个环节”。     

法律英语教学的基本定位及其案例教学法

在当前以经济全球化为显著走向的驱动下,很多行业都急需具有法律英语双语能力的人才,如涉外律师、高校法律英语教师等.而这些人才的培养,很大程度上取决于高校法律英语教学理论与实践的依托.法律英语教学的理论与实践在我国还处于起步或发展阶段,对其探索有着重要意义.     

浅谈大学新生英语教学的过渡与转换

大学新生在大学英语学习中存在着一定的障碍 ,往往有越学英语水平越差的感觉。本文通过分析大学英语和中学英语在教学目的和教学方法上的差异 ,探索帮助新生由中学英语学习方法向大学英语学习方法转变的途径 ,使学生的英语学习有质的飞跃。     

论青少年犯罪的社区预防

近年来，青少年犯罪成为一个严重的社会问题。为了从根本上遏制青少年犯罪，我们必须利用社会的力量，形成职责明确、协同配合、齐抓共管的工作网络，切实做好青少年违法犯罪的预防工作。社区是城市管理体制的基础，是青少年学习、生活、娱乐和就业的重要场所。社区对青少年的成长，有着深刻的影响。立足社区，可以把闲散青少年、流动青少年和问题家庭青少年等群体有针对性的管理起来，强化预防青少年违法犯罪工作的力度，同时把学校教育、家庭教育和社会预防工作整合起来，形成预防青少年违法犯罪工作的社会联运机制。     

试论现代警务发展中的几种战略思维模式

战略思维是警务工作实践中不可缺少的最高层次的思维活动,是制定警务战略的先导.从分析警务战略思维模式入手研究警务战略思维活动的特点,有助于全面、科学地把握警务战略思维的客观规律,更好地指导现代警务工作的发展.     

BiSAL – A bilingual sentiment analysis lexicon to analyze Dark Web forums for cyber security

In this paper, we present the development of a Bilingual Sentiment Analysis Lexicon (BiSAL) for cyber security domain, which consists of a Sentiment Lexicon for ENglish (SentiLEN) and a Sentiment Lexicon for ARabic (SentiLAR) that can be used to develop opinion mining and sentiment analysis systems for bilingual textual data from Dark Web forums. For SentiLEN, a list of 279 sentiment bearing English words related to cyber threats, radicalism, and conflicts are identified and a unifying process is devised to unify their sentiment scores obtained from four different sentiment data sets. Whereas, for SentiLAR, sentiment bearing Arabic words are identified from a collection of 2000 message posts from Alokab Web forum, which contains radical contents. The SentiLAR provides a list of 1019 sentiment bearing Arabic words related to cyber threats, radicalism, and conflicts along with their morphological variants and sentiment polarity. For polarity determination, a semi-automated analysis process by three Arabic language experts is performed and their ratings are aggregated using some aggregate functions. A Web interface is developed to access both the lexicons (SentiLEN and SentiLAR) of BiSAL data set online, and a beta version of the same is available at http://www.abulaish.com/bisal.     

当前警务督察存在的问题与对策

人民警察作为执法者,手中握有重大的权力。警察权力的使用是否正当,是一个国家法治文明的标志。目前,我国对警察的监督在不断加强,各种配套机制、法规在进一步完善,但是仍然存在不少漏洞。为了造就一支政治坚定、业务精通、作风优良、执法公正的公安队伍,警务督察工作应改变人事管理,排除督察人员顾虑;发挥警务督察优势,促进整体合力的形成;完善监管机制,改善监管不力现象;加强预测,发挥预防功能;开拓思路,创新监管模式。