Between resistance and negotiation: indigenous organisations and the Bolivian State in the case of TIPNIS

A government-driven road-building project, crossing the national park and demarcated indigenous communitarian native land Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) in the Bolivian Amazon, has caused considerable debate, divisions and conflict. Based on extensive fieldwork in Bolivia, I examine the conflict between 2011 and 2013, focusing on specific cases of micro-politics with examples of changing strategies, local negotiations and strategic framings in the interactions between the indigenous organisations and the state involved in the conflict. I show that the evolution of the conflict has been affected by these micro-political issues, as well as strategic state projects. Secondly, I focus on how discursive framings have legitimised advanced or marginalised certain solutions, ideas and interests.     

论俄罗斯联邦检察院在俄罗斯生态法实施中的监督功能

建立完善、有力的生态法律监督机制,是保障生态法律实施的重要条件.俄罗斯自独立以来,在法律监督方面不仅继承了前苏联的先进做法,而且根据国情又不断地加以创新.俄罗斯联邦检察院作为俄罗斯法律监督的主要国家机关,在俄罗斯生态法实施中所起到监督作用是全面的、深入的.通过对俄罗斯联邦检察院进行生态法实施监督的法律依据,监督的具体领域,专门的自然保护检察院在俄罗斯生态法实施中的作用,以及俄罗斯联邦检察院对生态法实施进行监督的方式做了具体分析,阐述了俄罗斯联邦检察院在俄罗斯生态法实施中的监督功能.     

环境犯罪法益之研究

环境犯罪,是在新形势下频发的一种犯罪形式,也是经济社会发展到一定阶段的产物。关于该种犯罪,各国都在其法律中规定了打击方式和杜绝形式,我国也在1997年《刑法》第六章中规定了相关罪名。但是,这还不能完全适应科学发展观大背景下我国环境保护与资源节约的现实,这就需要从理论角度对完善环境刑事法规提供借鉴。目前,学者们对该类犯罪的范围、主体、责任等研究较多,但对其客体,即法益研究较少且成果不一,文章就此展开论述,并提出环境犯罪的法益为国家的生态安全权和公民的生态安全权,为完善环境刑事犯罪体系提供立法思路。     

Green Grabbing: a new appropriation of nature?

Across the world, ‘green grabbing’ – the appropriation of land and resources for environmental ends – is an emerging process of deep and growing significance. The vigorous debate on ‘land grabbing’ already highlights instances where ‘green’ credentials are called upon to justify appropriations of land for food or fuel – as where large tracts of land are acquired not just for ‘more efficient farming’ or ‘food security’, but also to ‘alleviate pressure on forests’. In other cases, however, environmental green agendas are the core drivers and goals of grabs – whether linked to biodiversity conservation, biocarbon sequestration, biofuels, ecosystem services, ecotourism or ‘offsets’ related to any and all of these. In some cases these involve the wholesale alienation of land, and in others the restructuring of rules and authority in the access, use and management of resources that may have profoundly alienating effects. Green grabbing builds on well-known histories of colonial and neo-colonial resource alienation in the name of the environment – whether for parks, forest reserves or to halt assumed destructive local practices. Yet it involves novel forms of valuation, commodification and markets for pieces and aspects of nature, and an extraordinary new range of actors and alliances – as pension funds and venture capitalists, commodity traders and consultants, GIS service providers and business entrepreneurs, ecotourism companies and the military, green activists and anxious consumers among others find once-unlikely common interests. This collection draws new theorisation together with cases from African, Asian and Latin American settings, and links critical studies of nature with critical agrarian studies, to ask: To what extent and in what ways do ‘green grabs’ constitute new forms of appropriation of nature? How and when do circulations of green capital become manifest in actual appropriations on the ground – through what political and discursive dynamics? What are the implications for ecologies, landscapes and livelihoods? And who is gaining and who is losing – how are agrarian social relations, rights and authority being restructured, and in whose interests?     

On the margins of soy farms: traditional populations and selective environmental policies in the Brazilian Cerrado

In the Cerrado, the expansion of soybean cultivation since the 1990s has coincided with the strengthening of environmental regulations. We analyze how the two main environmental policies – Protected Areas and the Forest Code – have played out at the ground level in western Bahia state. These policies in Cerrado have not been designed to curb the expansion of this agricultural frontier. These norms have, on the contrary, accommodated this expansion because the way environmental managers selectively choose environmental problems and publicize them through specific information systems depreciates traditional fire-dependent production systems. These ‘politics of selection’ are likely to increase competition for resources in the margins of soybean agriculture, which is where traditional populations have now become confined.     

基于人才生态学的女性知识分子成长要素浅析

自从清末民初我国女性知识分子群体登上历史舞台,＂男女平等＂逐渐由概念成为国策,抹杀甚至颠覆性别差异的激进派女权思想更是一度响彻女性理论的天壤。时至今日,现代女性越来越多地出现在公众视野,政界、商界、学界不乏女性精英的身影。但是,女性知识分子的成长路径似乎仍旧充满悖论并困难重重。从人才生态学视角来看,女性受教育的愿望与教育动机、社会与教育环境、家庭教育背景及地域文化等,是影响女性知识分子成长的诸要素。     

资源枯竭型城市生态文明建设路径探寻——以石嘴山市为例

资源枯竭型城市在赖以生存的自然资源耗尽或濒临枯竭的时候,生态系统就已遭到严重破坏,可持续发展和城市生态问题日益突出。因此,如何改善生态软环境、建设文明的城市生态环境,就成为了资源枯竭型城市的共同目标任务。     

Insurances as a Method of Reducing the Financial Consequences of Environmental Disasters

On the market of industrial customers in the European Union （EU） as well in Poland have not yet been disseminated information related to environmental threats. The purpose of this study is seeking understanding and analyzing the functioning of business insurance as a method of financing the effects of environmental disasters, potential environmental threats, the costs of restoring the polluted environment to its original form. The design of the article was subordinated to the thesis according to which business insurance can be a method of financing the risk of environmental damages and prevention for protecting against the effects of these disasters. According to the subject of discussion it used： elemental analysis--if the object of study requires the distribution of the elements without looking for mutual dependence between them; casual analysis--when there was a need of looking for the cause-effect relationships between the elements of the object of the study.     

力促经济持续健康发展——来自山西省运城市的研究报告

当前运城经济发展存在一些问题,主要表现为发展不足和发展不优两个方面。为实现运城经济持续健康发展,应围绕产业结构调整、发展方式转变,推进工业新型化;围绕龙头企业、基础设施,推进农业现代化;围绕资源节约、环境保护,推进城乡生态化;围绕品牌塑造、平台搭建,推进文化旅游产业化。     

传承和创新徽文化——营造生活化德育的良好文化生态环境

人的德性是自我建构的,是在与外界世界的相互作用中养成的,而德性的养成并不是放任自流,需要正确地引导并提供优质的文化生态环境。只有传承和创新徽文化,打造具有民族性和时代性相结合的特定群体文化．才能为德性养成营造良好的文化生态环境。