环境刑法的生态本位论纲

要实现环境刑法基本理念的突破，亟需回归环境刑法应然的生态本位。一方面要主张环境刑法应以环境大生态的可持续存在和发展为目的，这有利于实现环境大生态的安全、公正、和谐等价值；另一方面要批判环境刑法的行政从属性，这有利于发挥环境刑法的生态保护作用。     

Capitalism,Socialism and the Challenge of Degrowth: Introduction to the Symposium

This is an overview of a symposium on degrowth centred on Giorgos Kallis’ call for a socialism without growth, which insists on the need to be mindful of throughputs and the ecological consequences of any socialist project. Summarising and critically evaluating the various positions expressed by all the symposium participants, we find that Kallis’ ideas can be promising in drawing closer different Green Left perspectives, including ecosocialist, ecofeminist, and eco-Marxist. This complementarity is possible provided that degrowth proponents clearly align themselves politically on the side of the broad anti-capitalist Left and that the critiques expressed by the other symposium participants-especially with respect to Indigenous Peoples’ worldviews and practices and the dynamics that subtend the capitalist mode of production—become essential to degrowth platforms. We find already enough overlap among the diverse leftist positions represented in this Symposium for, at a minimum, continuing dialogue and, hopefully, politically beneficial mutual transformation and unification.     

论生态视野下的人口增长

人类与自然生态各要素之间相互依存、相互作用、相互制约,人口数量的增长和人类自身的发展必须以自然生态系统的稳定支付能力为基础,即人口的发展速度、消费和人口结构与分布必须与自然资源保持最优比例,实现最佳结合.人类要摆脱人口增长的盲目性和自发性,必须树立以理性为指导的控制自身数量的意识,并付诸实施.     

Bounding the Commons: Land Demarcation in Northeastern Nicaragua

In north-eastern Nicaragua, territorial titling of communal lands conflates particular notions of ethnicity with proprietary conceptions of space to generate new forms of conflict within and between indigenous and black communities, and with mestizo migrants. Notions of rights between competing groups, or within conflicting normative frameworks, become increasingly polemic during demarcation. While analysis of three land titling case studies demonstrates that results are socially contingent and place based, trends include: (a) power disparities; (b) tension between 'traditional' and 'modern' patterns of land tenure and resource rights; and (c) contradictions fed by international conservation agendas and neoliberal economic reforms. Combining critical actor-based analysis with practical policy critique our work illuminates how contestations over the bounding of communal territories contribute to social injustice.     

民族文化生态环境及其形成机理研究——以俄罗斯为例

俄罗斯文化是在俄罗斯民族土壤中诞生的,是东西方文化碰撞和融合的结晶。俄罗斯文化与其所产生的自然生态环境以及社会环境息息相关,这包括自然环境、早期社会结构及其经济基础、宗教传播和政治制度等。以上各因素互为关联、交互作用决定了俄罗斯文化的形成。     

问责国家元首的实证研究——以中外历史上不同的政治生态为平台

人类历史上曾经出现过专制与民主两种不同的政治生态。在专制条件下,作为世袭的君主,其权威至高无上,不容置疑,因问责君主必将有损于其形象而不被允许。在宪政条件下,国家元首是民选的,问责制的出台自然可行,只是这样做的事实依据与法理依据何在,元首能否同一般官员一样由行政法进行问责,在问责的过程中是否应当考虑其他因素的影响,等等,因其属于政治与法律的边缘课题,不仅需要相关理论的支撑,更需要从实证的角度作出有力的佐证。作为由专制向民主的转型的威权政治形态,囿于传统思想及尊君心理的影响,欲要问责于国家元首何其难矣,因此也需要作深刻检讨。     

关注“心灵生态” 促进社会和谐

"心灵生态"是不同的个体对各种社会现象的认知、情绪、价值观和社会行为倾向的总和,它与特定的个体、特定的经济社会环境紧密相连。涉及个体认知的各种因素所形成的情绪和价值观,个体在生产、生活及其工作中所涉及的经济发展及社会运行状况的不协调,是"心灵生态"失衡的根本原因。构建良好的"心灵生态",需要自我提高修养,培育和谐;民众积极参与,促进和谐;社会自觉作为,共促和谐;媒体正确引导,维护和谐;政府有效作为,推进和谐。     

论生态文明意蕴的人文价值

生态文明是人类对工业文明反思的必然结果,它所蕴含的人文价值,不仅为人类的自我认识和发展提供了丰富的人文思想,而且所彰显的科学人文方法也在不断地改变着人类的行为方式。     

试论我国生态环境法治建设

文章从“良法之治”和“普遍守法”两个方面来对我国生态环境法治建设进行论述,提出了对我国生态环境法治建设的一些具体设想。     

‘Multicolored’ green criminology and climate change’s achromatopsia

While green criminology may be an effective name or label for the sub-field or perspective within criminology that considers a wide range of environmental issues, it is, in reality, a ‘multicolored green’ – a criminology that engages a spectrum of issues, that reflects the interests of some racial groups more than others, that reveals and analyzes environmental harms which disproportionately impact some racial groups more than others, and that can be approached from a number of vantage points or that can be viewed with variously tinted lenses. This article begins with an overview of climate change, including a discussion of its anticipated impacts and indicators of its already-being-felt effects. It then offers some general comments on the disproportionate impact of environmental threats and harms before turning to a discussion of the present and anticipated distributional impacts of climate change. Here, this article argues that climate change is, in effect, achromatopsic – it is color-blind, in that it affects us all regardless of skin color – but that those impacts will be distributed unevenly/unequally and that various groups are and will continue to be in different positions to adapt to climate change. This article concludes by suggesting that while the environmental harms caused by climate change are real – and the risks and threats they pose tangible and serious – climate change presents an exciting challenge for our creative potential as humans. In the process of reducing our consumption of fossil fuels and stabilizing (or, better yet, reducing) our greenhouse gas emissions, we might better assist those geopolitical regions most at risk (i.e. poor, developing countries) to become more resilient – an approach that is necessary for both the physical health of the planet and the prospects for social justice.