社会生态对构建我国服务型政府的制约

构建服务型政府，或者说在统治行政和管理行政的基础上更加凸显政府的服务职能，是公共行政发展的具有全球性的趋向。文章认为，构建我国的服务型政府。需要借鉴他国的有益经验，但更应当运用行政生态学的理论，分析制约我国服务型政府构建的社会条件，即从现实的经济、政治、文化等社会生态条件出发，而不是从抽象的理念出发，也不是简单地模仿他人，这样才能避免产生“南橘北枳”的谬误。基于此，文章分析了制约我国服务型政府构建的经济因素、政治因素和文化因素，阐述了这些因素对构建服务型政府的影响，并提出了相应的对策。     

学科细分与学科扩展的统一——政治学研究的新趋向

政治学研究的新趋向,集中体现为两个特点,一是研究热点的跨学科性;二是研究方法的开放性。在政治学基本理论方面,预计未来的研究走向,仍会体现这两种特性。而近期的潜在研究热点,可能会集中在文化(文明)与政治、宗教与政治、科学与政治等关系领域。     

THE ECOLOGY OF GANG TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES*

Within any type of system, the actors in the system inevitably compete over resources. With competition comes the possibility of conflict. To minimize such effects, actors often will partition the system into geographic territories. It is against the larger ecological backdrop of competition and conflict that we examine territory formation among urban street gangs. Although previous studies have examined the social and built environment where gangs form, and how the presence of a gang influences local levels of violence, we know little about how competitive interactions are tied to the formation and maintenance of gang territories. We use formal spatial Lotka–Volterra competition models to derive hypotheses about competition‐driven territory formation. By using data on 563 between‐gang shootings, involving 13 rival street gangs in the Hollenbeck Policing Division of Los Angeles, we show that violence strongly clusters along the boundaries between gangs in a way that is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The results suggest that even weak competitive interactions between gangs are sufficient to drive gang territory formation without recourse to other processes or assumptions.     

Portion size matters: Carrion ecology lessons for medicolegal death investigations—A study in Cape Town,South Africa

Forensic taphonomic studies are regionally specific and improve time since death estimates for medico-legal casework. Within forensic taphonomy and carrion ecology, vertebrate scavengers are under-researched with many studies conducted using multiple, unclothed carcasses. This is a forensically unrealistic experimental design choice with unknown impact. The effect of variation in carrion biomass on the decomposition ecosystem, particularly where vertebrate scavengers are concerned, requires clarification. To assess the effect of carrion biomass load on vertebrate scavenging and decomposition rate, seasonal baseline data for single, clothed ~60 kg porcine carcasses were compared to clothed multiple-carcass deployments, in a forensically relevant habitat of Cape Town, South Africa. Decomposition was tracked via weight loss and bloat progression and scavenging activity via motion-activated cameras. The single carcasses decayed more quickly, particularly during the cooler, wetter winter, strongly correlated with concentrated Cape gray mongoose (Galerella pulverulenta) scavenging activity. On average and across seasons, the single carcasses lost 68% of their mass by day 32 (567 accumulated degree days [ADD]), compared to 80 days (1477 ADD) for multi-carcass deployments. The single carcasses experienced substantially more scavenging activity, with longer visits by single and multiple mongooses, totaling 53 h on average compared to 20 h for the multi-carcass deployments. These differences in scavenging activity and decay rate demonstrate the impact of carrion biomass load on decomposition for forensic taphonomy research. These findings need corroboration. However, forensic realism requires consideration in taphonomic study design. Longitudinally examining many single carcasses may produce more forensically accurate, locally appropriate, and usable results.     

地方水生态:牧区水文化的价值、风险与化解

在西藏牧区长期的生活中,人们形成了特有的水文化。扎西乡水文化体现出两大价值,并受到潮流化生活方式和文化的影响。对扎西乡水文化的风险化解与对水文化的引导具有可行性,要重视引导的三大要义。在实践纬度上,应着重从“生态-经济-社会”三位一体的全局中多维度考虑风险化解之途以及对地方性生态文化的引导方向与途径。     

Ecologies of relation: post-slavery,post-apartheid,and rethinking race across the Atlantic in Zakes Mda’s Cion

This article will argue that Zakes Mda’s 2007 novel Cion stages a dialog, one where two “Souths” – South Africa and the American South – speak to one another and give a critical voice to an under-acknowledged history of transatlantic discursive exchange on race and racial governance. Mda’s fictional South African critique, of an America still struggling with the cultural and political legacies of slavery, gestures towards a history of exchange between the two countries that in many ways is representative of a more global dialog on racial segregation during the first half of the twentieth century – of which both southern (US) segregation and apartheid are seminal examples. Moreover, this article explores various conceptualizations of race as well as the governance of racial relations as they have been articulated through ecological imaginaries, and especially between South Africa and the Southern United States over the course of the twentieth century. In this article, I argue that not only can apartheid (as well as pre-apartheid segregation) be rethought of as part of a global conversation on race and thus less as a South African anomaly, but also that the United States through its examples of various racialist technologies was highly influential across the colonial and apartheid worlds.     

Blow Flies from Forest Fragments Embedded in Different Land Uses: Implications for Selecting Indicators in Forensic Entomology

Given the general expectation that forest loss can alter biodiversity patterns, we hypothesize that blow fly species abundances differ in a gradient of native vegetation cover. This study was conducted in 17 fragments across different landscapes in central Brazil. Different land cover type proportions were used to represent landscape structure. In total, 2334 specimens of nine species of Calliphoridae were collected. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and multicollinearity of the landscape data. The first component explained 70%, and it represented a gradient of forest‐pasture land uses. Alien species showed a wide distribution in different fragments with no clear relationship between the abundance values and the scores of PCA axes, whereas native species occurred only in areas with a predominance of forest cover. Our study revealed that certain native species may be sensitive to forest loss at the landscape scale, and they represent a bioindicator in forensic entomology.     

新闻内容的历史构成及其特征分析

不同历史时代、历史时期、历史阶段的社会变化内容和形式,总会清晰地或者模糊地留存在新闻的记忆当中。历史的轨迹就是新闻的轨迹。新闻图景与时代主体具有一致性,与一定的社会制度具有相适性,与一定社会拥有的新词媒介的数量、质量是高度相关的,与新闻媒介生态是直接相关的。     

从民族生态的特点看移民式扶贫开发——以广西环江的跨县异地安置为例

环江自1993起的十年时间内,以异地安置方式先后接收了近6万大石山区贫困人口。经过多年发展,移民们已较好地融入了环江当地的生产生活,从搬出来,到稳下来,正奔着“富”起来的目标踏实前行着。分析上述事件有诸多视角,本文意欲从现实民族生态的特点出发作一番尝试性思考。     

论文化生态建设与文化和谐的逻辑互动

文化和谐是社会和谐的基本方面。文化和谐,内含各种具体文化形式、文化系统内各要素及其相互关系的和谐,并且文化和谐必须要通过建设才能实现。文化生态建设的提出就是从整体上着眼于各种文化具体形式、文化系统内各要素的关系角度来考察文化系统,因此文化生态建设与文化和谐之间存在着紧密的逻辑互动关系。