合议制度基本功能评析

合议制度在实现诉讼民主化、抑制司法专横、防止司法腐败、促进司法判决的公正合理和公民才智的发展方面发挥着积极作用。与独任制相比,合议制耗费的诉讼资源较多,司法效率较低;合议庭成员的个人责任感容易降低,冒险倾向增强,可能影响审判质量。为克服合议制的负向功能,应逐步降低合议制度的运用范围,并注意挑选高素质、有责任感的合议成员,更重要的是完善相关机制,对不负责任者加以约束。     

财产权对人格权的积极索取与主动避让

财产权与人格权的关系历来是充满争议和左右徘徊的问题。传统理论认为人格权是内在于人且具有绝对的不可侵犯性,在与财产权冲突时优先。但并非所有人格要素都是内在于人,物质性人格权,尤其是身体权和生命权具有绝对优先性,财产权面临生命和身体冲突须主动作出自我牺牲性避让,甚至是以作为方式提供救助,而一些非物质性人格利益并不具有内在性和绝对不可侵性,财产权则可以对其实施积极索取,但在一定临界点,也必须立即停止积极索取行为,只是这种避让无须作出自我牺牲,无须作为。     

道路交通事故伤残等级评定中的手功能评估

手功能的检查和评估,历来是法医临床学鉴定中的难点和重点问题。GB18667—2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》中对手功能评定的规定较为详细,其标准溯源是国际手外科联合协会的“手功能评定标准”和我国临床医学专家据此修订的“手功能评定标准专题讨论会纪要”。手功能检查和评估包括手部缺失的评定、手部运动功能的评定及手部感觉丧失的评定。在计算手功能损害率时,应按照所规定的系数。在缺失、运动障碍及感觉丧失等多种类型并存时,应按照复合计算的方法得出结果。     

论量刑听证程序的价值与功能——以美国法为范例的考察

美国实行定罪与量刑程序分离模式,独立的量刑听证程序包括听证前的社会调查程序和法庭上的量刑听证程序。独立的量刑听证程序通过多方参与,不仅使量刑程序更加符合程序正义的要求。而且通过让法官接触更多、更全面的量刑信息,促进实体公正。此外,如果将量刑上诉、申诉等因素考虑在内,那么量刑听证程序不仅不会降低诉讼效率,反而会提高综合效率。从功能的角度分析,独立的量刑听证程序能够有效地限制法官量刑裁量权,保障被害人的有效参与,拓展辩护空间,扩大检察机关的作用空间,促进量刑程序的公开和透明等。     

A Geometric Morphometric Approach to Sex Determination of the Human Adult Os Coxa

Abstract: Sex determination of the human skeleton is best assessed from the os coxa. The present study explored the possibility of using three‐dimensional landmark coordinate data collected from various landmarks located over the entire bone to determine whether there were significant sex differences local to the landmarks. Thirty‐six landmarks were digitized on 200 African American and European American male and female adult human os coxae. MANCOVA results show that sex and size have a significant effect on shape for both European Americans (Sex, F = 17.50, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.56, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0022) and African Americans (Sex, F = 21.18, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.59, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0005). The discriminant analysis shows that sexing accuracy for European Americans is 98% for both males and females, 98% for African American females, and 100% for African American males.     

Positive Personal Identification of Human Remains Based on Thoracic VertebralMargin Morphology

Abstract: Radiography has long been used by anthropologists to establish positive personal identification of human remains in forensic cases. These methods have been largely ad hoc and depend upon specific congenital or pathological bone markers. Court rulings, such as Daubert and Mohan have, however, pushed the discipline toward more statistically supportable methods of identification. This study describes the use of normal morphological variation of the thoracic vertebrae to identify human remains. Radiographs from healthy, male individuals, aged 18–55 were examined to identify normally varying features of vertebral morphology. The frequency of occurrence of these features was calculated, tested, and found to be stable in the given sample. The frequencies were compared to establish which sets of traits varied independently of one another. Finally, unknown radiographs were compared to known samples to test the applicability of this method in determining positive identification, with 21 of 24 (87.5%) unknown radiographs positively identified.     

学生非正式群体形成原因及教育对策

当代学生因社会交往的特殊需要和生理、心理等情感因素的不同,不可避免地出现各种非正式群体。学生非正式群体对正式群体乃至学校管理、班级管理会产生一定的影响,这种影响可以是积极的也可以是消极的。作为教育者,必须正视它的存在,仔细分析其形成的原因,正确对待和引导,使学生的个性在正式群体和非正式群体中得到全面健康的发展。     

两种自由思想视野下的法律家长主义

以赛亚·伯林在<两种自由概念>中提出了消极自由和积极自由.在19世纪前后,理论和实践中对这两种自由的态度是不断变化的,以至于以自由为核心内容的法律家长主义在现实中的境况也有所不同.这两种自由都有其固有的缺陷,我们能看到法律家长主义的合理之处和不足.     

从一则案例看不纯正不作为犯的等价性——兼谈不作为的义务来源

等价性是不纯正不作为犯的违法性、可罚性的主要根据,在理论上明晰等价性的概念、内涵及性质,对于解决司法上处理不纯正不作为犯出入罪的混乱局面具有重要意义。等价性判断的逻辑起点是作为义务的存在,作为义务侧重于从原因力上解释不作为的可非难性,而等价性侧重于从结果论上说明不作为的可非难性。