A Study of the Presence of Gunshot Residue in Pittsburgh Police Stations using SEM/EDS and LC‐MS/MS

Due to possible secondary transfer of gunshot residue (GSR) onto a suspect in police custody prior to sampling, a baseline must be created for the amount of GSR present. With an increase of “lead free” ammunition, testing for both gunpowder and primer GSR is relevant. Seventy samples were collected using carbon‐coated adhesive stubs from four Pittsburgh Police Stations and vehicles to investigate these locations as sources of secondary GSR contamination. These seventy samples were analyzed for primer GSR using scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. One primer GSR particle was detected; no sample was classified as positive for primer GSR. These same samples were then analyzed for gunpowder GSR using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to test for akardite II, ethylcentralite, diphenylamine, N‐nitrosodiphenylamine, 2‐nitrodiphenylamine, and 4‐nitrodiphenylamine. Ethylcentralite was quantifiable in two test samples. These results suggest there is a negligible potential for secondary transfer of primer and gunpowder GSR.     

Recovery of Latent Fingerprints and DNA on Human Skin*

Abstract: The project “Latent Fingerprints and DNA on Human Skin” was the first systematic research in Europe dealing with detection of fingerprints and DNA left by offenders on the skin of corpses. One thousand samples gave results that allow general statements on the materials and methods used. The tests were carried out according to a uniform trial structure. Fingerprints were deposited by natural donors on corpses. The latent fingerprints were treated with magnetic powder or black fingerprint powder. Afterward, they were lifted with silicone casting material (Isomark^®) or gelatine foil. All lifts were swabbed to recover DNA. It was possible to visualize comparable and identifiable fingerprints on the skin of corpses (16%). In the same categories, magnetic powder (18.4%) yielded better results than black fingerprint powder (13.6%). The number of comparable and identifiable fingerprints decreased on the lifts (12.7%). Isomark^® (14.9%) was the better lifting material in comparison with gelatine foil (10.1%). In one‐third of the samples, DNA could be extracted from the powdered and lifted latents. Black fingerprint powder delivered the better result with a rate of 2.2% for full DNA profiles and profiles useful for exclusion in comparison with 1.8% for the magnetic powder traces. Isomark^® (3.1%) yielded better results than gelatine foil (0.6%).     

Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods for Processing Fingerprint Powder-Coated Forensic Evidence

In unison, fingerprinting and DNA analysis have played a pivotal role in forensic investigations. Fingerprint powders that are available on the market can come in a range of colors and with specific properties. This study evaluated the efficiency of DNA extraction from samples coated with 3 brands of fingerprint powders: Lightning, Sirchie, and SupraNano, covering a range of colors and properties. A total of 23 fingerprint powders were tested using the Chelex, Promega DNA IQ™, and Applied Biosystems™ PrepFiler™ DNA extraction protocols. The DNA IQ™ and PrepFiler™ methods extracted higher yields of DNA in comparison to Chelex, which also accounted for better quality of PowerPlex x00AE; 21 DNA profiles recovered. There were no signs of degradation or inhibition in the quantification data, indicating that samples returning low DNA yield was due to interference during DNA extraction and not PCR inhibition. DNA profiles were recovered from the majority of fingerprint powders with only a single powder, Sirchie Magnetic Silver, failing to produce a profile using any of the methods tested. A link was observed between the DNA extraction chemistry, fingerprint powder property, that is, nonmagnetic, magnetic and aqueous, and the brand of fingerprint powder. Overall, the DNA IQ™ method was favorable for nonmagnetic fingerprint powders, while magnetic fingerprint powders produced more DNA profiles when extracted with the PrepFiler™ chemistry. This study highlights the importance of screening DNA extraction chemistries for the type of fingerprint powder used, as there is not a single DNA extraction method that suits all fingerprint powder brands and properties.     

止痛散离子导入法合羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛临床研究

目的 观察止痛散离子导入法合羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛的临床疗效。方法 〖JP2〗将中重度癌性疼痛患者56例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组28例,对照组给予羟考酮控释片口服,治疗组在对照组疗法基础上联合止痛散离子导入,两组均以10 d为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程,观察并比较两组镇痛疗效、平均镇痛持续时间、羟考酮控释片最终滴定剂量、卡氏功能状态评分（Karnorfsky'' s performance scale, KPS）及不良反应。结果 治疗组镇痛疗效显著优于对照组 (P<0.05), 在提高平均镇痛持续时间及KPS评分方面均显著优于对照组(P<0.01),羟考酮控释片最终滴定剂量和不良反应显著低于对照组 (P<0.05)。结论 止痛散离子导入法合羟考酮控释片治疗中重度癌痛安全有效。     

紫锥菊粉对大鼠的致畸作用试验

为保证紫锥菊的临床用药安全并评价其生殖毒性,进行了大鼠致畸试验.让性成熟SD大鼠雌雄合笼交配,将孕鼠随机分成紫锥菊粉高(1 g/kg)、中(0.5 g/kg)、低(0.05 g/kg)3个剂量组,阴性对照组和阳性对照组,于孕期7～16 d经口给予受试物,观察母鼠和胎鼠的生长发育情况.结果显示,受试物各剂量组的孕鼠增重、活胎的体重、身长和尾长均显著高于阳性对照组(P<0.01),而吸收胎数、死胎数、畸形率均显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05).受试物各剂量组与阴性对照组间的所有指标均无显著差异(P>0.05).致畸试验结果表明,紫锥菊粉对大鼠无母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸作用.     

用多种探针药物评价穿心莲对鸡药物代谢酶活性的影响

采用咖啡因、氨苯砜、氯唑沙宗、奥美拉唑药物探针法,测定这些探针药物在鸡体内的消除半衰期,以探讨穿心莲超微粉对鸡的药物代谢酶的影响,结果显示,对照组和试验组的咖啡因t1/2β分别为632min、415 min,表明两组的t1/2β之间有显著差异(P<0.05).对照组与试验组的氨苯砜t1/2β分别为55.4 min、48.4 min,二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05).对照组和试验组的奥美拉唑t1/2β分别为16.5 min、7.6 min,表明两组的消除半衰期差异极显著(P<0.01);氯唑沙宗t1/2β分别为26.3 min、20.5 min,两组差异显著(P<0.05).结果表明,穿心莲超微粉对CYP3A4、CYP1A2、CYP2E1和CYP2C19的活性都有诱导作用,但与对照组相比,对CYP3A4的诱导作用差异不显著,而对CYP2C19的诱导作用差异极显著.     

A Novel Solvent-based Method to Separate Duct Tape from Porous Surface for Fingerprint Development

In this study, we have proposed a novel solvent-based method using a specific concentration of 3M™ Novec™ HFE-72DE and 7200 solvents to untangle duct tape from porous article with minimal impact to the quality of latent fingerprint deposited on the sticky-side surface of duct tape. A series of experiments determined that a mixture of 30% HFE-72DE:7200 (v/v) was found to be the most effective to separate various brands of duct tape from different types of porous surface, including office copy paper, newspaper, cardboard, and tissue wipe, which had been stored for up to 30 days before untangling. Further studies also revealed that 30% HFE-72DE:7200 was compatible with three common fingerprint development methods for porous articles, namely ninhydrin, indanedione-zinc, and physical developer. The nonflammability and low toxicity nature of this novel solvent mixture also make it ideal for separating duct tape from porous surface in laboratory or at crime scene.     

从奶粉事件看地方政府在维护民族品牌中的责任

从2003年的"空壳奶粉事件"到2008年的"三聚氰胺奶粉事件",表明了个别地方政府在民族品牌维护中责任的缺失,体现为监管责任的缺失、道德责任的缺失、社会责任的缺失及执法责任的缺失.地方政府责任缺失造成的后果是,民族品牌深陷诚信危机与生存困境,损害消费者健康并对民族经济文化造成冲击.地方政府建立民族品牌责任机制的有效途径为:完善对民族品牌的监管机制,增强民族品牌企业的社会责任感,强化民族品牌的法律责任,加强对民族品牌的扶持力度,完善民族品牌的危机管理制度.     

Separation and Detection of Smokeless Powder Additives by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS),

A reversed phase gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of smokeless powders. A total of 20 different components were separated by UPLC and detected by MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. These compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. Simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) was used along with negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to detect all compounds in a single analysis. Analysis times were under 8 min with a gradient of 10–73% organic at a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min. With this method, ultraviolet and MRM limits of detection ranging from 0.08 to 2.6 ng and 0.4–64 ng injected were achieved. Commercially available smokeless powders were also extracted with methylene chloride and characterized using the developed UPLC/MS/MS method. The procedure permits the determination of compositional differences between different brands as well as lot‐to‐lot variations.     

微硅粉的应用及其捕集

微硅粉是国内外高新技术领域中具有广阔应用前景的优良材料。广泛用于建筑、化工等行业。可以采用软稳电除尘技术从冶炼硅铁过程中产生的废气中捕集