参香养胃散治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎及癌前病变临床与实验研究

目的 :观察参香养胃散 (SXYWP)对慢性萎缩性胃炎 (CAG)治疗效果及不典型增生 (IM )的逆转疗效。方法 :临床研究 :经胃镜和病理确诊为CAG伴IM患者 68例 ,随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组 51例口服SXYWP ,对照组 17例口服猴头菌片 ,疗程均为 3个月。实验研究 :①用中性红清除率法测定家兔静脉注射SXYWP水煎剂后胃粘膜血流量的改变情况 ;②观察SXYWP水煎剂对无水乙醇造成大白鼠胃粘膜急性损伤的保护作用 ;③观察SXYWP水煎剂对实验性大鼠CAG的保护作用。结果 :SXYWP及猴头菌片对CAG及癌前病变患者的综合疗效分别为 92 .16%和 70 .59% ,经统计学处理 ,P <0 .0 5。SXYWP水煎剂能增加家兔胃粘膜的血流量 ,对无水乙醇造成大白鼠胃粘膜损伤有明显的保护作用 ,对CAG大鼠的病理改变及分泌功能具有保护作用 ,结果优于三九胃泰组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :SXYWP对CAG及癌前期病变有治疗和预防作用。     

关于四氧化三钴纳米粉体显现手印的研究

四氧化三钴纳米粉体是众多纳米粉体之一，通过对其在打印纸、单光纸、胶版纸、牛皮纸、钱币、平板玻璃、塑料、油漆物面等客体、按照新鲜、1小时、4小时、12小时、24小时、48小时、96小时时段进行捺印的汗液手印的显现，发现它的显现效果较好，值得推广使用。     

X‐ray Powder Diffraction for Characterization of Raw Materials in Banknotes

We report about the X‐ray powder diffraction characterization of crystalline materials used to produce genuine and counterfeit banknotes, performed with a single‐crystal diffractometer that permits fast and nondestructive measurements in different 0.5‐mm sized areas; 20‐euro denomination genuine banknotes were analyzed, and results were compared with counterfeit banknotes. The analysis shows that the papers used to print real banknotes are composed, as expected, of cotton‐based cellulose and titanium dioxide as crystalline additive, but different polymorphs of TiO₂ for different emission countries are evidenced. The counterfeit banknotes are composed of cellulose based on wood pulp; moreover, an unexpected significant quantity of TiO₂ was found to be mixed with calcite, indicating that the paper employed by forgers is not simply a common low‐cost type. The crystalline index and intensity ratios between the peaks attributable to cellulose and fillers can provide additional information to trace back paper suppliers for forensic purposes.     

The Analysis of Black Powder Substitutes Containing Ascorbic Acid by Ion Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry*†

Abstract: Black powder substitutes containing ascorbic acid are a group of low explosives that utilize ascorbic acid as the fuel. The analysis of these powders is complicated by the degradation of ascorbic acid which occurs rapidly in solution and may also occur as the powder ages. Aqueous extracts of both intact powders and postblast residues were analyzed by an existing ion chromatography/mass spectrometry (IC/MS) method used at the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Results have shown that while ascorbic acid itself is not detected in this method, its diagnostic degradation products (threonic acid, monohydrated diketogulonic acid, and oxalic acid) can be identified. In addition, anions from the inorganic oxidizers (perchlorate and nitrate) and combustion products such as chloride, chlorate, and nitrite, can be identified within the same experiment. While this IC/MS method shows promise, future modifications are necessary because of limitations in identifying threonate in postblast residues, as well as coeluting compounds observed in postblast residues.     

Suicide of an adolescent girl with sodium nitrite ordered on the internet

Nitrites are commonly used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Recently, they have been identified in cases of voluntary intoxication. We report the case of a 13-year-old girl who was found lifeless on her bed next to a glass containing a white powder and a bottle containing a white powder with a moistened appearance. External examination and autopsy revealed a nonspecific asphyxia syndrome, which was confirmed by the pathological analysis. Analysis of the samples revealed metoclopramide in the peripheral blood at a concentration of 0.402 mg/L (LC–HRMS). An analysis of the gastric contents was carried out after sodium nitrite was detected in the powders found near the body (Raman spectrometry). Nitrites were found in the gastric fluid at a concentration of 30.9 mg/L. Death occurred secondary to anoxia, following ingestion of nitrites; suicide kits are available on the web and nitrites are relatively easy to source and inexpensive. Nitrites are delivered in powder form to be dissolved in liquid, which may then be consumed with metoclopramide (or an alternative anti-emetic drug) to maximize absorption and reduce emesis. The toxic effect of nitrites lies in their oxidizing power, causing the transformation of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which, when it accumulates, induces tissue anoxia resulting in death. There has been an alarming increase in the number of cases linked to suicide using nitrites or a nitrite suicide kit. The fact that nitrites are readily available online underscores the importance of establishing effective preventive measures such as limiting the access and use of this chemical.     

新型粉末状荧光502熏显手印荧光波段研究

目的运用新型粉末状荧光502可一步显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印。为了选择最佳的激发光源和滤光镜来观察熏显后荧光效果,本文对该粉末的荧光性能进行研究。方法使用荧光光谱仪对新型粉末状荧光502进行激发光谱和发射光谱的测试,进而选择合适的激发光源及滤光镜来进行观察和拍照。结果新型粉末状荧光502的光谱范围较宽,在波长为235nm~580nm范围内均可进行激发,具有广谱性,其中对波长在530nm附近的激发光具有最大峰值,即荧光强度最大,对450nm和360nm附近的光也具有很高的吸收峰值,斯托克斯偏移量为45nm。宏观验证实验表明,在仪器分析所得的范围内,显现出的手印效果均较好。结论运用该粉末在熏显手印后可以在紫外、紫光、蓝光、黄光、绿光范围内进行激发,斯托克斯偏移大,荧光亮度高,在观察荧光效果时能够很好的消除背景荧光的干扰,也便于选择滤光镜。手印荧光效果除了受到熏显物质荧光性能的影响外,还与激发光源的品质、滤光片的透过性能以及检材固有的发光特点、客体表面性质有关。     

用拉曼光谱检验黑火药

目的 建立黑火药成分定性的方法.方法 利用拉曼光谱仪对黑火药进行检验.结果 黑火药中的3种主要成分硝酸钾、硫磺、碳均能被准确检出;结论 拉曼光谱能很好地对黑火药进行定性分析.     

新型荧光502粉末与502胶＋荧光染色显现潜在手印的比较

目的对新型荧光502粉末显现非渗透性光滑客体表面潜手印的一步荧光502显现新技术和传统502胶水熏显＋荧光染料染色显现手印技术进行比较研究。方法比较实验研究,对荧光502粉末和502胶水使用同一自动熏显柜先后进行熏显,荧光502粉末熏显结束后直接在蓝光灯下激发进行观察和拍照;502胶水在熏显完成和聚合物完全固化后使用罗丹明6G和BBD溶液进行荧光染色,再进行光致荧光照相。结果一步熏显和二次染色的显现效果基本相同,但两者的显现效果也因检材性质和遗留时间的不同而存在一些差别。结论新型荧光502粉末可以作为一种显现非渗透性光滑客体表面上潜手印的常用方法,尽管新方法对某些客体的显现效果并不好,但对大多数客体来说,其显现效果并不弱于二次染色的方法,并且使用新型荧光502粉末进行一步熏显不会引入有机溶剂,不会引起502聚合物的溶解或造成破坏,确保了纹线及其细节特征不被损坏,也避免了染色后因漂洗不当使手印纹线被冲掉的可能,还不会破坏脱落细胞等生物检材。     

浅色调湿粉显现手印方法的研究

目的探索新的手印显现方法,祛除传统手印显现方法对使用者的健康危害;方法用浅色调湿粉采用不同操作对不同客体表面手印、不同物质手印及不同遗留时间手印进行显现,通过显现效果的比较,得出湿粉显现手印的适用范围、最佳操作方法及其显现效果;结果显出的手印清晰、流畅,与背景反差强;结论该方法适用于光滑非渗透性客体表面及潮湿或粘性表面的汗潜、油潜、蛋白手印的显现,使用方便有效。     

对我国食品安全现状的思考

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,食品安全已远远超越人们对维持生命基本物质需要这样的简单层次,但我国的食品安全监管尚存在诸多问题,导致＂毒奶粉＂等食品安全事件频发。因此,需要从完善我国食品安全监管体制、建立食品安全监管的保障体系、提高食品安全监管效能、建立食品安全突发事件应急机制、建立食品安全监管的社会推动机制等五个方面提出对策建议,以此促进我国食品安全事业的健康发展。