Power transitions and global trade governance: The impact of a rising China on the export credit regime

The existing liberal international economic order was constructed during the era of American hegemony and has been heavily shaped by US power. How is the rise of China affecting global economic governance? This article analyzes the case of export credit, which has long been considered a highly effective international regulatory regime and an important component of global trade governance. I show that the rise of China is profoundly altering the landscape of export credit and undermining its governance arrangements. State-backed export credit is a key tool of China's development strategy, yet I argue that an explosion in China's use of export credit is eroding the efficacy of existing international rules intended to prevent a competitive spiral of state subsidization via export credit. The case of export credit highlights a fundamental tension between liberal institutions of global governance and the development objectives of emerging powers.     

宪政、权力制约与社会秩序--法治视角下孙志刚事件的深层思考

保障公民权利,需要公共权力,但公共权力又构成对公民权利的威胁。孙志刚悲剧的发生在很大程度上是权力滥用的结果。权力制约最根本的制度保障是宪政。宪政是法治的政治前提,又构成法治的最基本内容。制定了宪法,不一定就有宪政。宪政需要靠一系列可实际操作的具体制度作保障。就宪政领域而言,程序正义的重要性绝不亚于实体正义,或许具有比实体正义更重要的价值。因为宪政在很大程度上就是国家权力如何产生以及如何运行的程序问题。有效地制约权力,不会危及社会秩序。相反,只有对权力实现有效制约的法治社会,才能形成良好而合理的社会秩序,才能长治久安。而通过强化警察权力维持社会秩序不仅会有损秩序的价值,最终还会从根本上动摇社会秩序。     

再论"法律至上"

中共十六大政治报告中,再次把依法治国,建立社会主义法治国家作为中国共产党人在新的历史时期治国的基本方针加以确认。依法治国的理念已深入人心。而要确立依法治国的治国理念,就必须树立起法律至上的观念,它是实现现代法治的观念基础,也是评价现代民主政治国家的基本准则。对于法律至上观念的理解,不仅要从法律自身来理解,而且要从社会关系的层次上,从人们的理性选择等角度进行深层次的考虑。正试图从现代法治的理性选择的角度论证这一问题。     

社区控制与社区警务

人类社会秩序离不开社会控制,社会控制是社会的稳定机制。社会控制包括一系列机制,社区控制是其中的微观机制,是整个社会控制的基础平台。而实现社区控制功能的有效途径之一就是推行社区警务。     

俄联邦行政法基本理论中的几个问题

伴随着俄罗斯正在进行的经济体制和政治体制改革,俄罗斯的法律领域也发生了深刻的变化,其中行政法律制度的变革最为显著,这在俄罗斯的行政法学界也存在相应的反馈。俄罗斯的行政法学者开始注重对行政法学中的一些基本理论问题展开研究,以执行权为中心重新界定行政法的概念:将行政法作为一个独立的部门法强调其与其他部门法带有共性的调整手段;行政法的作用主要在于限制政府权力,保障公民权利。伴随着行政法学研究的深入和行政立法的急剧发展,应当尝试重新构建俄罗斯行政法学的体系结构,以顺应世界各国行政法学发展的总体趋势。     

税收法定主义原则与政府税收立法权的界定

税收法定主义原则是税法的首要原则。根据这一原则,税收要素、税收程序基本方面的立法权都应由议会机关保留。政府部门只有对税收程序中的具体问题制定行政法规的权力。即使在授权立法的情况下,对政府部门的授权也只能针对个别、具体的事项。     

试论公安机关社会稳定预警系统建设的必要性

社会稳定是社会发展的根本保障。维护社会稳定是公安机关的首要任务,建设社会稳定预警系统是公安机关维护社会稳定的重要措施。各级公安机关要从讲政治的高度,大力加强社会稳定预警系统建设,以切实发挥维护社会稳定的职能作用。     

试论立法变通权制度的完善

立法变通权是我国经济特区的人民代表大会及其常委会以及民族自治地方的人民代表大会根据最高国家权力机关以及法律、行政法规的授权制定仅适用于本地方具体情况的灵活变通的规范性文件的权力.立法变通权有两种类型一是经济特区的人民代表大会及其常委会的立法变通权;另一就是民族自治地方的人民代表大会的立法变通权.但立法变通权的行使必须遵守法律规定而且其行使还要受到特定国家机关的监督.     

从亲子鉴定的问题看标准化规范化管理的重要性

近年来,亲子鉴定技术在我国发展较快,越来越多的人应用这一鉴定手段维护了自己的合法权益.但我们发现,我国目前对鉴定部门的管理却相对滞后,主要表现为实验室缺乏规范化管理、鉴定机构良莠不齐、技术标准不够完备以及缺乏实验室的质量检测体系等.这些问题如不解决,将不适应司法体制改革的趋势,阻碍鉴定技术科学、公正地为司法实践服务.因此,我们呼吁有关部门对这一问题加以重视、加强协作,使科学鉴定早日走上标准化、规范化管理的道路.     

The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapon Ban on Gun Violence Outcomes: An Assessment of Multiple Outcome Measures and Some Lessons for Policy Evaluation

The Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 bans a group of military-style semiautomatic firearms (i.e., assault weapons) and ammunition magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. Ban advocates argue that these weapons are particularly dangerous because they facilitate the rapid firing of high numbers of shots. Though the banned guns and magazines were used in only a modest fraction of gun crimes before the law, it was hypothesized that a decrease in their use might reduce gunshot victimizations, particularly those involving multiple wounds and/or victims. In response to a Congressional mandate for an impact assessment of the law, this study utilized national and local data sources and a variety of analytical techniques to examine the ban's short-term impact on gun violence. The ban may have contributed to a reduction in gun homicides, but a statistical power analysis of our model indicated that any likely impact from the ban will be very difficult to detect statistically for several more years. We found no evidence of reductions in multiple-victim gun homicides or multiple-gunshot wound victimizations. The findings should be treated cautiously due to the methodological difficulties of making a short-term assessment of the ban and because the ban's long-term effects could differ from the short-term impacts revealed by this study.