Reengineering the Child Support Scheme: An Australian Perspective on the British Government's Proposals

After years of problems with the Child Support Scheme in Britain, the Government has decided to attempt reform again, less than four years after a previous major change was implemented in 2003. The author evaluates these reform proposals, drawing upon his experience in leading a recent major review of child support policy in Australia. While many of the reform measures offer a sensible way forward for child support policy, Britain risks going backwards in terms of community acceptance of the child support obligation. The Government needs to consider the likely impact of its policy settings on private agreements about child support. Ways are proposed both to protect the Treasury and to promote the wellbeing of children by adopting different policy settings that ensure the resident parent has an incentive to bargain for the level of child support required by the new formula. The new formula itself is evaluated in the light of the international research on the costs of children. Ways are also suggested for developing a co-ordinated approach across government to the provision of support services for parents who do not live together.     

论以人为本的价值向度和实践尺度

以人为本的价值向度集中体现在经济、政治、文化和社会发展等方面。它是经济发展的重要指针,民主政治的重要标尺,文化进步的重要动力,社会发展的基本方向,实际工作的重要原则。以人为本的实践尺度可以归结为以下方面:既反对认识不足,又反对宣传过头;既不能离开物质条件,又反对唯物质条件;既承认具体利益的差异,又强调共同的价值观;既要重视个人利益,又要反对个人利益至上;既要持之以恒,又要量力而行。     

Australian Child Support Reforms: A Case Study of the Use of Microsimulation Modelling in the Policy Development Process

Child support is always a difficult area of public policy, balancing the sometimes competing needs of children, resident and non‐resident parents and the state. This article provides a relatively rare insight into some of the processes involved in developing the new Australian Child Support Scheme (CSS), which will commence full operation in July 2008. In particular, this article shows how microsimulation modelling was used by the Ministerial Taskforce on Child Support and the government in the policy reform process. The availability of such sophisticated distributional analysis and modelling allowed the development of a comprehensive picture of how the reforms would affect CSS clients, thereby facilitating the adoption of major policy change. This article also provides a blueprint for policy‐makers of how modelling can facilitate their policy development processes.     

新时期大学生社会政治信仰教育探究

用代表人民共同利益的崇高信仰教育大学生,是培养中国特色社会主义事业建设者和接班人的迫切需要.从上个世纪70年代末到本世纪初,随着国内和国际局势的巨变,大学生的社会政治信仰也发生了嬗变,共产主义理想正在弱化.高校思想政治教育作为大学生理想信念教育的主阵地,从实际出发,结合大学生的切身利益,以多种形式循序渐进,有利于提高大学生社会政治信仰教育的实效性.     

Positive engagement and support for single‐parent families: Building bridges across sector boundaries

The high rate of joblessness among single‐parent families in Australia, relative to other organisation for OECD countries has resulted in the development of various government initiatives designed to support single parents to prepare for and gain employment. The ParentsNext pilot program that began in March 2016, in 10 socially and economically deprived areas throughout Australia, is the most recent Federal Government program aimed at connecting parents with young children into local activities that will build their confidence, skills, and networks and ultimately prepare for future employment. The ParentsNext pilot program is delivered through contracted providers in each of the 10 disadvantaged areas. WISE Employment, a national not‐for‐profit organization together with its local partner, Youth Family and Community Connections, delivers the pilot program in Burnie, Tasmania. This article discusses the findings of a study, which examined the implementation of ParentsNext in Burnie and provides insights to inform and improve practice outcomes.     

Kinship Family Relatedness,Nuclear Family Contact,and Social Support Among Foster Youth

Using a sample of 16-year-old youth placed with kinship foster families in California, the current study examines the relationship between kinship foster family structure and foster youth's biological family contact and support. Latent class analysis was used to examine differences in family structure based on the relatedness between foster youth and other members of the kinship family household. Subsequently, the respective relationships among household structure and foster youths' characteristics, experiences, and biological family contact and support were examined. We find that the kinship families serving foster youth are represented by four distinct household types, including sibling and grandparent households. Kinship family household type is found to be statistically significantly associated with youths' contact with siblings, closeness to caregivers, and perceived social support. Implications for kinship foster family scholarship are discussed.     

Changes in staff confidence and attributions for challenging behaviour after training in positive behavioural support,within a forensic mental health setting: a replication study with follow-up

Positive behavioural support (PBS) is a proactive approach to managing challenging behaviour. Staff in a forensic mental health service were provided training in PBS. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of training by measuring changes to staff confidence and attributions for challenging behaviour before training, post training and at six-month follow-up. Qualified and unqualified staff were compared, as were male and female staff. Confidence was measured using an adapted version of the Confidence in Coping with Patient Aggression Instrument. The Challenging Behaviour Attributions Scale and the Causal Dimension Scale II assessed staff attributions. Staff confidence levels in working with challenging behaviour increased following PBS training, and this increase was maintained at six-month follow-up, for unqualified, qualified, male and female staff. Changes in attributions for challenging behaviour were observed post training; however changes were not maintained at follow-up. Limitations and clinical implications were outlined.     

浅谈公安应急装备保障体系的构建

新形势下,公安工作任务越来越繁重,完备适用的公安应急装备保障体系无疑将会为公安机关及时有效地应对公共安全危机、妥善处置公共安全危机事件的过程中保护民警安全、保障工作质量和效率打下良好的基础。应急装备保障力量体系的构建必须着眼应急实战部门,对应应急保障力量的要求,研究行之有效的构建方式,形成可为各类应急处突提供有效保障的应急装备保障力量体系。     

论法律概念的实践逻辑——兼论案例教学法的理论基础

法律概念与自然科学概念至少存在两个方面区别:法律概念具有实践性,自然科学概念具有理论性;大部分法律概念具有类同性,大部分自然科学概念具有相同性。实践性构成了法律概念的本体论特征,类同性构成了法律概念的逻辑特征。因此,法律概念具有自身的实践逻辑。兰戴尔最先提倡的案例教学法是建立在一种有缺陷的法律科学构想基础上的。法律概念的实践逻辑构成案例教学法的理论基础。     

我国司法鉴定立法现状及展望

随着社会的发展和科技的进步,诉讼中遇到的专业性疑难问题越来越多,司法鉴定的重要性也日益受到人们的重视。由于我国目前缺少统一的司法鉴定立法,相关制度构建不够完善,以至于司法鉴定实践中法律规范缺位,秩序混乱,问题颇多,制约了司法鉴定活动的开展,也在不同层面上造成了不良的社会影响。本文着重对我国司法鉴定立法现状和立法变迁予以解读,深入剖析司法鉴定的现实困境,主张在立足现实的基础上寻求破解之道,从理论、实践、宏观、微观的多重角度对我国司法鉴定统一立法的可行性进行系统探讨,并在强调关注司法鉴定统一立法若干要素的基础上对我国未来的《司法鉴定法》予以展望。