立宪政体中的赋税问题

以赋税问题作为看待财产权与宪政制度之关系的一个切入点 ,通过对财产权在宪政之先的论述 ,提出赋税的合法性问题。当前的财政危机导致对源自民间的赋税的依赖性增强 ,从而凸现出赋税合法性的危机。解决这一危机的方向是继续沿着财产权入宪的思路 ,确立“税收法定”的宪政主义的赋税模式。     

我国政府信息公开的立法模式选择

通过对外国政府信息公开的三种立法模式的考察,分析我国政府信息公开立法地方先行立法的实践经验,地方先行立法模式是唯一适合我国国情的政府信息公开的立法模式,但地方政府信息公开立法仍需进一步完善。     

刑事诉讼法律观的嬗变——俄罗斯新刑事诉讼法评析

俄罗斯联邦新刑事诉讼法典中有关辩论式诉讼模式的确立 ,证据规则的发展 ,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人辩护权保障机制的完善 ,检察机关在刑事诉讼中的职能转换以及被告人认罪的特别审理程序等项内容 ,构成俄罗斯刑事诉讼法的新亮点。尤其对被告人诉讼权利和自由保障的优先性考虑 ,对程序公正与诉讼效率的双向追求 ,成为支撑新法典的全新价值理念 ,也是对一些守旧的传统法律观念的否定     

论先予执行程序在国家赔偿程序中的适用

我国《国家赔偿法》缺少先予执行程序是赔偿法的一个缺憾。从宪法的人权保障理念和赔偿案件中存在的特殊情况论述在赔偿程序中适用先予执行的必要性,从适用先予执行的现实条件论述可行性,并结合赔偿法的特点提出了适用先予执行的具体制度设计。     

民族地区实施教育优先发展战略论

民族地区实施教育优先发展的关键是要确保把教育作为事关全局性、基础性和先照导性的事业来发展,把党和国家的政策真正创造性地落到实处,把增加教育投入作为财政资金配置的重点,把全面提高教师队伍整体素质作为工作重点.     

预告登记的物权效力

商品房预售的特点决定了交易主体地位的不平衡,处于弱势一方的购房人的合法利益极易遭受不法侵害。为求切实保护购房人利益,规范双方主体的交易行为,有必要运用物权法原理,构建商品房预告登记制度,赋予预告登记以权利保全效力、保全顺位效力、预警效力及破产保护效力。     

Quick counts in the Mexican presidential elections: A Bayesian approach

In all democracies, anticipating the final results of a national election the same day the voters go to the polling stations is a matter of interest, for television stations and some civil rights organizations, for example. The most reliable option is a quick count, a statistical procedure that consists in selecting a random sample of polling stations and analysing their final counts to forecast the election results. In Mexico, a particularly important quick count is organized by the electoral authority. The importance of its results requires this exercise to be designed and executed with specially high standards far beyond those used in commercial studies of this type. In this paper, the model and the Bayesian analysis of the quick counts conducted by the Mexican authority, during the presidential elections in 2006 and 2012, are discussed.     

This May Come As a Surprise: How Prior Knowledge of Information in a Fear Appeal is Associated with Message Outcomes

Two related studies were performed aimed at finding if and how prior knowledge of threat and efficacy information in a fear appeal message is associated with message outcomes (attitude and behavioural intentions). the extended Parallel Process model (ePPm) (Witte 1992; 1998) served as theoretical framework for one study about a chlamydia fear appeal (n = 57) and another about an alcohol abuse fear appeal (n = 59). Findings from both studies suggest that prior knowledge of threat information is hardly relevant for readers’ reactions to a fear appeal message. Prior knowledge of efficacy information, however, proved to play a more important role, most often in a positive way. Findings from both studies furthermore suggest that the ePPm may be incorrect in assuming that individual differences – in this case, in prior knowledge – may only affect fear appeal outcomes in an indirect way, that is through different perceptions of threat and efficacy.     

船舶留置权与船舶优先权顺位之思考

考察世界各国和地区的海商法及国际公约,船舶留置权的优先位次一般均被排在船舶优先权之后,我国《海商法》也是如此。然而这种立法并没有令人信服的理论依据和现实必要性。船舶留置权与船舶优先权之间存在利益冲突,船舶优先权恒定优先于船舶留置权这种立法并不妥当,权利人不同,船舶留置权的效力也不同,修船人的船舶留置权效力应优先于船舶优先权。     

Asymmetries in prior conviction reasoning: truth suppression effects in child protection contexts

Abstract

In three empirical studies we examined how people reason about prior convictions in child abuse cases. We tested whether the disclosure of similar prior convictions prompts a mental representation or an additive probative value (Criminal Justice Act, 2003). Asymmetrical use of similar priors were observed in three studies. A pilot study showed that disclosure of a second prior did not contribute a weight equivalent to that of the first disclosure. Study 1 showed jurors did not see left-handed evidence (i.e. matching victim bruising) as more indicative of guilt than right-handedness unless a prior conviction was present, and the presence of priors suppressed the generation of alternative possibilities indicative of innocence. Study 2 showed that disclosure did not decrease community ratings of re-offending propensity and dangerousness as much as a similar prior conviction increased them. We consider the results in the context of a new psychological theory of prior conviction bias and the consequences for the implementation of Section 100 of the Criminal Justice Act (2003).