无法律依据行政裁量的界定及控制

行政主体在没有法律依据的情况下,对既定事项进行判断、权衡,作出决定的行政措施即无法律依据行政裁量。法律规范的滞后性、不周延性等特点,必将导致"无法律依据行政裁量"的大量存在。依照"形式法治"的观点,无法律依据行政裁量属于违法行为,应该被禁止。然而,按照"实质法治"的观点,却并非如此。可以允许型无法律依据行政裁量有其正义基础,因而在一定程度上可以被容忍。但其要满足不违背法的公平正义价值和立法目的,基于保证国家安全和社会整体稳定的考虑和基于个案正义的考虑等条件,并且要接受原则之治以及通过事后说明理由制度接受立法机关和司法机关的监督。     

中国法律技能教育的制度分析

从法律技能的需求的视角,本文在制度层面分析技能教育为何在中国法学教育中发展不足和缓慢;认为这是法学院学生和教育者面时现有学科体制和由诸多社会因素构成的社会需求时的理性选择的结果;法律技能教育发展的关键不在于重视或加大投入,而在于中国社会的进一步发展和转型。本文追求对法学教育的经验研究和理论研究的有机整合。     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

台湾地区的刑事卷宗制度及其借鉴意义

台湾地区通过审前程序中的权力制约和权利保障来保障卷宗信息的全面、可靠。传闻证据规则的确立和庭审中心的奉行,有效地保障了被告的诘问权和实体真实的发现。台湾刑事卷宗制度的借鉴意义在于:刑事卷宗制度不能废除;应当在四个方面对大陆的刑事卷宗制度进行正当化改造。     

The Quest for Community Development in Nigeria: Interrogating the Utility of Fourth-Tier System of Government in Imo State

The recent establishment of fourth-tier system as a distinct, but coordinating level of government in Imo State came with the expectation that it would facilitate community development. However, the underdevelopment situation of most communities dashed this expectation. Thus, this recent study adopted theory of postcolonial state as our analytical framework to interrogate the development utility of the fourth-tier system using mixed research methods for evidence gathering and analysis. The analysis revealed that the system grossly underperformed its development functions resulting from lack of stakeholders’ supports, which should be the basis for determination and implementation of fourth-tier system in Imo State.     

论我国侦查讯问制度的完善

讯问是刑事案件侦查中常用的侦查机关和犯罪嫌疑人直接对抗的侦查措施,加强讯问中的人权保障是侦查讯问制度改革的重要内容。完善侦查讯问制度应当加强对讯问主体权力运行的监督控制;完善讯问对象的权利保障机制;明确和规范讯问的基本程序;建立侦查讯问的规则体系;完善好若干配套制度。     

中国古代社会管理的基本经验

中国古代社会的管理思想、做法和经验,是由中国古代社会的一系列基本特征决定的.宗教神学控制论、道德约束观、礼乐治国论、无为而治以及法家的社会控制思想,是中国古代社会主要的社会管理思想.统一的社会信念和中央政权的强大、注重社会秩序与社会控制、国家力量与社会力量相结合共同治理社会、综合为治,是中国古代社会的主要治理经验.历史上,中央政府统治力的下降、吏治腐败、对重大灾荒事件应对不力、因社会矛盾和冲突而引发的农民起义等,多是导致政权衰落的主因.全球化背景下的中国社会管理,虽然主要应当专注于国内治理与内政建设,但抱持全球化的视野,对国际局势变化给予关注,同样是十分重要的.     

犯罪现场信息系统思维模式的构建

在现代刑事案件侦破中,犯罪现场信息的系统化应用是有序高效地工作的关键。文章针对运用现场信息时,侦查员在意识、行为上存在的各种问题,提出以系统论为依据,以犯罪现场信息为内容,以信息搜集为大体框架,按照侦查步骤建立有顺序、有层级运行的思维系统,旨在弥补对于侦查模式认知的不足,灵活、深入地运用犯罪现场信息。     

论我国罪犯劳动报酬与执法行为的规范化

罪犯劳动报酬维护了罪犯的合法权利,肯定了罪犯的劳动价值,但目前监狱法还未制定罪犯劳动报酬实施细则。国外立法大都规定了罪犯劳动报酬实施制度,我国各省监狱的做法却不一样,科学性、规范性也不够。因此,必须从罪犯劳动报酬的含义及发展历程出发,通过与社会劳动者的比较,并结合我国各省市罪犯劳动报酬实践的具体情况,来具体规范我国罪犯劳动报酬之执法。     

高职多媒体专业基于工作过程系统化的课程体系研究

随着高职教育和现代多媒体技术的发展，建立“基于工作过程系统化”的多媒体专业课程体系已成为高职多媒体专业探索和深化教学改革的重要任务。本文从基于工作过程系统化的需要出发，提出了多媒体人才培养的思路，探索了基于工作过程系统化多媒体专业课程的研究方法，确立了“基于工作过程系统化”多媒体专业课程体系。