我国决策问责制探析 张创新

决策问责是针对因决策失误而造成重大损失或恶劣影响的情形,对决策者依据相关法律法规、遵照既定程序进行责任追究的一种事后控制行为,其重点和难点在于其适用范围、程度度量及非决策问责情形的决策失误的鉴别.囿于认识的局限性、工具的阶段性和信息的有限性而造成的决策失误不在决策问责的范畴之中.公共行政起点的奠基意义诉求决策问责,前期问责成果的充分准备呼吁决策问责,重大决策失误的惨痛教训亟待决策问责.而建立健全决策问责制度树立责任意识是前提,完善问责程序是核心,健全制度和法律是保障.     

'Perspiration' vs 'Inspiration' in Asian Industrialisation: Indonesia Before the Crisis

This article examines trends in and determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in 28 manufacturing industries in Indonesia over the period 1975-93. The reforms of the mid-1980s appeared to have resulted in a significant acceleration of TFP growth. Among the inter-industry determinants of TFP growth, trade policy and orientation, domestic competitive pressures and ownership factors are singled out for scrutiny. The trade regime and one measure of domestic competition emerge as consistently important explanatory factors.     

Viability of Municipal Companies in the Provision of Urban Infrastructure Services

This article discusses the organisational and institutional model of municipal company in the provision of urban infrastructure services in Portugal. The law recently enacted which defined the legal regime for the local business sector, as well as the growing awareness that the new public management models represent great advantages in comparison with the bureaucratic ones that characterise the traditional public administration, make this a current and relevant issue. For the purpose of investigating the viability of this provision model, this research encompasses three complementary analyses. First, the results obtained from a nationwide questionnaire on the features of municipal companies are analysed. Second, a SWOT matrix is constructed to examine the model of municipal company and, third, the total factor productivity (TFP) of these organisations is determined using the index number theory, in order to evaluate their performance and compare it with that of the traditional bureaucratic models. Although the concept of municipal company is based on noble principles and, in theory, it shows advantages compared to other means of service provision, this research points to very negative results regarding the model and leads to the conclusion that the aimed benefits are not achieved in Portugal. There are many causes contributing to this effect, but the political patronage of these companies and the lack of technical competence are presumably two of the most significant ones.     

列宁发展农业的思想探析

列宁在领导苏俄革命和建设过程中,高度重视农业问题,并在实践中形成了较为系统的发展农业的思想,即大力发展农业具有重要战略意义,发展农业的核心任务是提高生产率,发展农业必须从内部条件入手,通过国家帮助和工业支援为农业发展提供外部保障。重温和借鉴列宁的发展农业的思想,对我国当下的现代农业建设具有重要的现实指导意义。     

Faculty Entrepreneurs and Research Productivity

In this paper, we analyze the research productivity of faculty entrepreneurs at 15 research institutes using a novel database combining faculty characteristics, licensing information, and journal publication records. We address two related research questions. First, are faculty entrepreneurs more productive researchers (“star scientists”) compared to their colleagues? Second, does the productivity of faculty entrepreneurs change after they found a firm? We find that faculty entrepreneurs in general are more productive researchers than control groups. We use multiple performance criteria in our analysis: differences in mean publication rate, skewness of publication rate, and impact of publications (journal citation rate). These findings bring together previous work on star scientists by Zucker, Darby, and Brewer [Zucker, L. G., Darby M. R., &; Brewer M. B. (1998). The American Economic Review, 88, 290–306.] and tacit knowledge among university entrepreneurs by Shane [Shane, S. (2002). Management Science, 48, 122–137.] and Lowe [Lowe, R. A. (2001). In G. Libecap (Ed.) Entrepreneurial Inputs and Outcomes. Amsterdam: JAI Press, Lowe, R.A. (2006). Journal of Technology Transfer, 31(4), 412–429]. Finally, we find that faculty entrepreneurs’ productivity not only is greater than their peers but also does not decrease following the formation of a firm.     

持续提升政府生产力的积极探索——香港特区“政府资源增值计划”述论

随着行政环境的变迁 ,香港特别行政区政府面临的一个基本矛盾是 ,市民对公共服务需要的不断增长但政府财力资源却相对有限甚至出现赤字。“资源增值计划”就是政府旨在解决这一矛盾的重要战略。计划分为两个阶段 ,第一阶段是为了短期内提高政府生产力 ,第二阶段的各种措施则具有“根本性改革”的特征 ,目的是为了持续地提高政府生产力。这一计划的推行是九七回归以来香港行政改革的重要内容 ,它也对内地的行政改革具有重要的启发与借鉴价值     

关于墨子经济思想的哲学思考

墨于是公元前五世纪未中国最具独创精神的思想家，他出于对贫苦大众的深切关怀，一生都在为改善小生产者和劳动者的物质生活、为提高他们的社会政治地位而斗争。而他的思想就是在这些社会实践中形成的。在社会生产实践中他提出了关于生产、消费、财富、管理等方面的经济理论，而在这些经济思想中又渗透着丰富的哲学内涵，本文从其生产观中运用的生产力与生产关系的矛盾论、消费观中运用的资源合理配置论，财富论中运用的生产需求与供给之间平衡性与不平衡性矛盾论、以及管理论中运用的改革与科学管理作用论等理论入手，分析墨子经济思想中的哲学元素．挖掘墨子经济哲学思想对当今社会政治经济发展，有着重要的启示意义。     

马克思与诺思制度变迁动力思想的比较

诺思批评马克思将技术而不是人口增长作为制度变迁的根本动力.而马克思认为,物质生产力是制度变迁的根本动力,他本人并没有所谓的"技术决定论".诺思理论中制度变迁的动力有很多,其中人口的增长是根本的动力.这是二者制度变迁动力思想的主要区别.     

1979—2008年我国劳动生产率相关研究文献分析——基于数据挖掘的研究综述

本文运用文本数据挖掘方法对1979--2008年以来我国劳动生产率相关著作和论文进行统计分析，在综合国内相关研究文献的基础上，对其中的重点问题及相关成果进行分析总结，回顾了国内劳动生产率的研究现状并作简要评述，然后结合劳动生产率在经济与管理领域的应用，指出劳动生产率理论与应用将来进一步拓展的方向。     

China Can Maintain Its Economic Growth

正EARLIER this year sections of the Western media tried to spin a story that the world economy was experiencing"severe slowdown in China"and"strong recovery in the U.S."In other words,China’s economy was allegedly in trouble and the U.S.was doing well.Now that the factual data is in for the fi rst half of the year it shows the opposite was true.China’s economic growth was 7.5 percent to the second quarter of 2014;that of the U.S.was 2.4 percent.China’s economy thus grew more than three times as fast as the U.S.’s.Still more signifi cantly for the U.S.,its own statistical agencies and the IMF have offi cially revised their projections for long-term U.S.growth.Both now estimate it at