脑震荡后综合征伤残评定研究进展

由于症状表现的主观性以及当前客观检查方法所能提供证据的匮乏,加之赔偿伴生的症状伪装和夸大等问题,脑震荡后综合征患者的伤残评定鉴定意见一致性不高.在人体损伤赔偿纠纷中,脑震荡后综合征患者的伤残评定成为法医精神病鉴定的争议点和难题.通过对脑震荡及相关术语变化、脑震荡后综合征的发生率、症状表现及诊断标准、脑震荡后综合征客观评...     

法医精神病鉴定内容架构及评定要点解析

法医精神病鉴定在刑事、民事和行政三大诉讼领域中,以鉴定意见的证据形式发挥着重要作用。然而,与其重要性不相匹配的是,法医精神病鉴定学科发展尚不完善、专业发育尚不成熟,尚不能满足社会和民众的期盼和要求,甚至引发负面评价。为进一步促进法医精神病鉴定规范化、标准化建设。以法医精神病鉴定人的视角,结合法医精神病鉴定的内容架构,重点阐述法医精神病鉴定主要项目及其作用、评定要点,尤其聚焦刑事责任能力评定,阐明当前存在分歧和困难;简要介绍法医精神病鉴定人执业要求、法医精神病鉴定质量控制;以及简述法医精神病鉴定与临床精神医学实践的区别与联系。     

质疑对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定期间的规定

我国刑事诉讼法和相关解释将对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定的期间不计入羁押期限,是值得商榷的。应该认识到犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定在性质上类似于羁押,在德国和我国台湾等国家和地区,其是鉴定留置的一种类型,法律对其规定严格的实施要件,以防止对相对人权利不当的干涉。我国应从人权保障出发,在刑事诉讼法修改时,重新定位对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定,并完善相关制度设置。     

Internet mediated crimes and theoretical approaches

Purpose: in the literature, the term ‘Internet crime’ has been coined to indicate the scenario in which a victim of homicide or other crimes is met through a chat room, and lured to death at the hands of the murderer. Various criticisms have been made of this new concept, on the grounds that the outcome is no different from that of other crimes committed without the use of Web resources, and so the method used has no particular influence. Indeed, it has been claimed that informatic crime just reflects a technological change in the nature of crime rather than a new form of criminal behavior attributable to the use of the Internet for criminal purposes. Method: our reflections were prompted by our experience as expert forensic psychiatry witnesses in three cases in which the aggressors had confessed to having had an exclusively virtual relationship with the victims, in which they spent a lot of time daily in a chat room. Conclusion: this scenario offers points for reflection on the nature of Web-mediated victim–aggressor interactions, to assess the effects on the planning and commission of the crime. Discussion. it’s our opinion that there really is such a thing as Internet-correlated crime, because in this case the quality and quantity of the Internet interactions progressively altered the men’s perception of the real relationship between themself and their victims.     

《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》中精神伤残程度司法鉴定相关问题探讨

在法医精神病学鉴定实践中,精神伤残的评定越来越多。现行《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准中关于精神伤残评定的相关条款过于笼统,可操作性差,常因认识不一致而产生歧义。本文结合典型案例主要从三个方面对精神伤残司法鉴定中常见问题进行探讨:(1)在评定智力缺损程度时,应结合伤前智商进行评定;(2)精神伤残评定的时间应在医疗终结后一年;(3)精神伤残评定中应引入量表进行客观评价。     

精神鉴定的评价范围——基于鉴定人与司法人员职权划分的思考

精神鉴定的评价范围涉及鉴定人与司法官的职权划分问题。在我国,精神鉴定的评价范围不仅包括医学要件与心理学要件,也包括刑事责任能力的内容,精神鉴定人通常都直接对刑事责任能力作出评定,此做法既与理论上的观点不一致,也与刑事诉讼法的规定不相吻合。较为合理的做法是由精神鉴定人对刑事责任能力的医学要件进行评定,心理学要件的判断则采用以司法人员为主、鉴定人为辅的合作方式。     

Traumatic Brain Injury among Indiana State Prisoners

Research on traumatic brain injury among inmates has focused on comparing the rate of traumatic brain injury among offenders to the general population, but also how best to screen for traumatic brain injury among this population. This study administered the short version of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to all male inmates admitted into Indiana state prisons were screened for a month (N = 831). Results indicate that 35.7% of the inmates reported experiencing a traumatic brain injury during their lifetime and that these inmates were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder and a prior period of incarceration than those without. Logistic regression analysis finds that a traumatic brain injury predicts the likelihood of prior incarceration net of age, race, education, and psychiatric disorder. This study suggests that brief instruments can be successfully implemented into prison screenings to help divert inmates into needed treatment.     

Forensic psychiatric units in Italy from the 1960s to the present

This article addresses the long-standing continuities in the history of the Italian forensic psychiatric units and views them as the result of conflicting forces, interests, mentalities and strategies at the cross-road of forensic psychiatry, psychiatry, prison and health services. It focuses on the period from the 1960s to the present and deals with, among other issues, the long-term impact of the anti-asylum movements and the on-going debate on the ‘phasing out’ of the forensic psychiatric units.     

Psychiatric Medication Intake in Suicide Victims: Gender Disparities and Implications for Suicide Prevention

Frequency and gender differences of psychiatric medication intake in a sample of suicide victims from the Athens Greater Area were investigated with a particular focus on the implications for suicide prevention. Data were collected from the toxicological analyses of the suicide cases of the period November 2007–October 2009. Information was available for 262 individuals, 196 men (74.8%) and 66 women (25.2%); 109 of these (41.6%) were receiving psychiatric medication(s). Women were statistically more frequently under treatment: antidepressants (32.8% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.001), antiepileptics (9.1% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.001), antipsychotics (24.2% vs. 9.2%, p = 0.003), and benzodiazepines (16.7% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.024). Campaigns aiming to bring men with psychological difficulties in contact with mental health services and to lessen the stigma of mental illness, together with better training of nonpsychiatrists into “suspecting” “male” depression, could be particularly helpful for decreasing male suicides. More thoughtful choice of psychiatric medication could possibly already prevent a number of female suicides.     

道路交通事故中脑外伤所致人格改变与精神伤残评定

目的探索道路交通事故中颅脑损伤所致轻度精神伤残者人格改变的主要表现形式及其在伤残评定中的价值。方法运用《脑外伤后人格改变评定量表》量化评定道路交通事故所致颅脑外伤者后遗人格改变状况,并探讨人格改变与颅脑损伤程度、精神伤残程度的相关性。结果 271例样本中239例(88.2%)存在人格改变,其中178例(65.7%)为轻度,46例(17.0%)为中度,15例(5.5%)为重度。人格改变程度在不同颅脑损伤程度之间的构成比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但各组之间量表总分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两两比较显示中型与重型颅脑损伤之间差异无统计学意义。人格改变程度越明显,精神伤残等级越高,轻度精神伤残不同等级者人格改变评定量表总分差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),除七级与八级之间差异无统计学意义外,其余各组之间差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论交通事故中提出精神伤残评定的脑外伤者中人格改变发生比例较高,人格改变严重程度与精神伤残程度相关,《脑外伤后人格改变评定量表》能有效量化评定交通事故中脑外伤所致人格改变程度,量表总分与颅脑损伤程度具有相关性。