论合同诈骗罪及其他合同违法行为

文章通过对合同诈骗罪等三种合同违法行为的分析,特别是对合同诈骗罪与合同民事欺诈行为的比较,有助于在合同法理论与实践中更全面准确地把握这三种性质截然不同的违法行为,为依法处理合同民事经济纠纷、制裁合同行政违法行为与打击利用合同进行刑事犯罪活动提供了理论依据。     

论附负担赠与合同的含义及效力——以我国首起助学合同纠纷案为例

我国首起助学合同纠纷案引起了媒体的广泛关注。法院对该案的判决存在诸多不能自圆其说甚至自相矛盾的地方,其主要原因是对我国《合同法》规定的附负担赠与合同的含义和效力没有真正把握。因此有必要详尽探讨附负担赠与合同的含义和效力,分析助学合同案的法律适用问题。     

Elite and Everyday Social Contracts in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Pathways to Forging a National Social Contract?

ABSTRACT

The Dayton Peace Agreement ended the violence in Bosnia–Herzegovina, however, it also solidified antagonistic political identities leading to the creation of two social contracts: an ‘elite social contract’ involving primarily political elites of the main ethnic groups and an ‘everyday social contract’ involving ordinary citizens trying to manage a complex social and economic environment. The first social contract is hegemonic, however, alternative, non-nationalist views are slowly emerging. Grassroots groups, the surviving remnants of inter-ethnic coexistence, the integrating pull of market forces and the presence of a large diaspora all constitute resources for the creation of a resilient national social contract.     

Psychologists as ‘the quiet ones with the power’: understanding indeterminate sentenced prisoners’ experiences of psychological risk assessment in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in the United Kingdom do not know when or if they will be released from prison. Release and progression decisions are determined by the risk the ISP presents of reoffending. This makes the assessment of risk a high stakes business for ISPs. Whilst there is a large body of literature focused on prisoners’ general experiences of prison, there is an absence of specific empirical exploration of prisoners’ experiences of risk assessment. This paper aims to address this gap by reporting the results of a qualitative exploration of ISPs’ experiences of psychological risk assessment. Interviews with 10 ISPs were conducted and analysed using Grounded Theory methods. Analysis indicated that prisoners experienced the prison environment as characterised by violence, volatility and suffering. Psychological risk assessment is embedded within this emotionally and physically challenging context but also contributes to the experience of suffering. Within this context, prisoners felt stuck, powerless and out of control in relation to risk assessment, and experienced psychologists as untrustworthy yet powerful. Understanding prisoners’ experiences is the first step in resolving some of the long-reported difficulties in working relationships between psychologists and prisoners as well as making the process more procedurally just.     

劳动违约责任:归责原则、构成要件及立法完善

由于用人单位履行劳动合同一般要承担劳动法和劳动行政规章所规定的强制性法定义务,而劳动者履行劳动合同则一般承担合同约定的义务。因而劳动立法在设定劳动违约责任时,对劳动者应以过错责任,对用人单位应以严格责任为归责原则确定违约方的法律责任。用人单位违约,不仅应对劳动者承担违约补偿责任,而且应承担劳动行政责任。劳动者违约,则应根据劳动者违约时的主观过错状态以及用人单位由此所受实际经济损失等情形,确定其应承担的经济赔偿责任。     

高职学生心理健康问题分析及教育对策

目前,高职学生心理健康问题呈现递增趋势,已成为严重阻碍大学生健康成长和顺利完成学业的重要因素.如何塑造学生健康完整的人格,使学生在德育、智育、体育、心育得到全面发展,已成为教育工作者共同关注的问题.文章主要从心理健康的内涵、高职学生心理健康问题的表现特征、高职学生心理健康问题的形成因素进行分析、总结,并针对高职学生心理健康问题的现状,提出几点解决和教育的对策.     

重型犯常见的心理问题及应对策略

重型犯是指犯罪性质恶劣、情节严重以及社会危害性很大的罪犯。用症状自评量表(SCL—90)对重型犯进行了测查,发现入监初期与入监中期服刑人员相比,入监中期服刑人员在躯体化、忧郁、偏执三项因子分方面明显高于入监初期犯人,表明服刑时间较长的罪犯存在更多的心理问题。因此,综合运用各种改造手段对罪犯进行心理和行为矫正,广泛开展心理健康教育,就可以极大地提高我国特殊预防的水平。     

我国民事调解制度的法律性质及其完善

民事调解制度虽然存在于民事诉讼过程中,但属于非讼程序。私权自治、审判效益和司法文明的要求,促使民事诉讼契约化。民事调解协议本质上是一种诉讼契约,法院承担公证的角色。应从以下几个方面完善我国民事调解程序:单独设置调解机构和调解主持法官;合理设置调解员选任程序、回避程序和参加庭审程序;采用签字生效制度;合理界定达成调解协议的标准。     

劳动合同形式探析

我国《劳动法》规定劳动合同应当书面订立,但现实中不签订书面劳动合同形成的事实劳动关系大量存在。放松对劳动合同的形式要求,将口头合同形成的事实劳动关系纳入劳动法范围并加以倾斜性的保护,引导劳动关系当事人特别是用人单位签订书面劳动合同,是一个符合合同本意,理性和现实的选择。而最重要的是这一选择符合劳动法的根本立法宗旨,有利于对劳动者的保护,协调、稳定劳动关系。     

论对商品房预售合同购买人权利的保护及其完善

商品房预售合同购买人直接基于合同享有的权利为债权。预售合同登记与否不影响购买人享有债权,但对购买人权利效力的强弱有影响。现行司法解释在一定情况下赋予购买人权利以物权效力保护,但在权利定位、对抵押秩序的影响和与物权法定关系等方面存在明显不足。大陆法系民法承认物权与债权区分的局限性,以预告登记制度保护不动产物权受让人。我国应借鉴预告登记制度,更新认识并改造预售合同登记制度,完善购买人权利保护。