关注青少年偶像崇拜现象

偶像崇拜是一种普遍的社会现象,而青少年由于其自身所在的年龄阶段和社会环境,他们的偶像崇拜又具有不同特征和原因。本文将以青少年这一群体为出发点,从社会心理学的角度试对这一问题作出分析。     

新型毒品滥用与反社会人格——一个犯罪心理学的透视

如果从犯罪心理学的视角,分析新型毒品滥用群体的人格特征,结合考察新型毒品与传统毒品之间的区别,则不难发现,新型毒品的心理依赖性背后,事实上反应了吸毒者群体中一种共性人格特征;而这种共性人格特征实际又与反社会人格障碍之间有着千丝万缕的联系,其深层原因,在于新型毒品对于反社会人格障碍者而言,是一种释放自身被规范所压抑的人格的最具吸引力,且最少责任的媒介。这就为我们提供了一条矫治新型毒品滥用者的新思路。     

犯罪嫌疑人临近供认心理初探

探索犯罪嫌疑人在被审讯中临近供认阶段的心理形成、变化及各种反应 ,把握犯罪嫌疑人临近供认时心理的行为特点、诊断途径和诊断方法 ,这对攻破犯罪嫌疑人的心理防线 ,抓住审讯的核心 ,提高讯问质量至关重要。     

Is Britain Facing a Crisis of Democracy?

This article contributes to the debate in this journal about the state of British democracy. I criticise the tendency to use a ‘demand–supply’ dichotomy in interpreting the strong distrust experienced by institutions and politicians, and especially the idea that all the blame for current problems is to be attributed to the inadequateness of the British political tradition (BPT). By referring to international data on democracy and to recent British trends in both public attitudes and institutional innovations, a more nuanced picture on the state of democracy emerges. I argue that the BPT is not incompatible with incremental changes that have already introduced innovations in the way politics works in Britain today, and that the task of empowering citizens is one of the most delicate aspects in this process of innovation.     

Mapping silent citizenship: how democratic theory hears citizens' silence and why it matters

Democratic theory hears silent citizenship as disengagement or disempowerment. Normatively, silent citizenship evokes the specter of civic passivity – of democratic citizens variably characterized by apathy, disaffection, selfishness, or a lack of political knowledge. Empirically, silent citizenship is linked to deficits of democracy – including voter turnout rates, the quality of political representation, and overall government responsiveness. One problem with these conclusions, however, is that we lack any systematic conceptualization of the range of different attitudes democratic citizens might hold in silence. This article seeks to fill in this conceptual gap by mapping the range of possible motivations for citizens to remain silent in developed liberal democratic systems. The key to doing so, I argue, is to distinguish between two measures of democratic citizenship: empowerment and communication. Separating these two measures reveals an entire spectrum of motivations for silence, which I organize into five distinct degrees of silent citizenship.     

Promoting empowerment? The World Bank's Village Investment Project in Kyrgyzstan

This article examines the extent to which the World Bank's community-driven Village Investment Project empowered people to influence the choice of local investments (micro-projects) and to exact accountability from their leaders. It is based on qualitative interviews and group discussions in 16 rural communities. The research demonstrates that the project provided an effective mechanism for responsive infrastructure delivery to address local priority needs. However, it did not improve accountability either within or outside the micro-project boundaries. The project's bottom-up development model was not by itself sufficient to enable people to exercise power over local government officials and informal leaders in the absence of effective horizontal accountability institutions within the state.     

The Homicide–Suicide Phenomenon: Findings of Psychological Autopsies

Homicide–suicide represents a single episode of violence which may decimate an entire family. This study aimed to further describe motives and context of these tragedies. Psychological autopsies were completed for 18 homicide–suicide cases in Dallas, Texas. This included postevent interviews with surviving family members and review of police and coroner records. Two‐thirds of perpetrators had made either verbal or written threats prior to the homicide–suicide. A simplified typology describing victim–perpetrator relationship and motive type is suggested for future studies and clinical ease. Two‐thirds of perpetrators fell into the category of Intimate‐Possessive, most of whom were depressed men who were abusing substances and undergoing separation. Additional categories included Intimate‐Ailing, Filial‐Revenge, Familial‐Psychotic, and Friend‐Psychotic. Further, implications from this psychological autopsy study regarding risk assessment include use of collateral interviews regarding threats and past violence.     

论大学生心理问题的哲学认识、哲学矫正与哲学预防

只有对大学生的心理问题进行哲学认识,把这一问题放在较广阔的社会背景中来分析,才能真正发现大学生心理问题产生的原因并进行相应的矫正。在消除大学生心理问题的过程中,马克思主义哲学课应该而且能够起到积极有效的预防和矫正作用。     

攻心战术在警察查缉行动中的运用

缉捕行动是人民警察与犯罪嫌疑人进行的生死搏斗,在缉捕行动中警察不但要与犯罪嫌疑人斗勇、斗力,更要斗智、斗谋。在警察查缉行动中运用攻心战术,以特殊信息媒介为武器,依据心理学原理,对其实施心理攻击,可以有效降低查缉行动的对抗性,达到“不战而屈人之兵”的目的。本文拟对警察查缉行动中攻心战术的概念、意义、类型及实施进行分析,以供查缉人员参考。     

论大学生心理健康及其促进

心理健康是关系到大学生能否成才的大事。因此 ,必须加强心理健康教育 ,提高大学生心理健康水平 ,帮助他们学会自我控制、减轻压力、正确抉择 ,顺利、愉快地度过大学生活 ,培养高素质的社会人才