The benefits of being defended: Perceived bystander participant roles and victims’ emotional and psychosocial adjustment

Despite a wealth of knowledge for factors predicting adolescent defending behaviors, it remains unknown about victims’ adjustment resulting from experiencing the presence of different bystander roles in a victimization episode. This study analyzed 209 Taiwanese adolescents’ reports of school-based peer victimization, perceived bystander actions in the event, and the victims’ emotional responses (e.g., happy, sad), emotional status following the episode (e.g., feeling better, worse), and psychosocial maladjustment (i.e., depression, loneliness, anxiety). Our results showed that bystander participant roles varied by victimization types and that defended victims adjusted better than nondefended victims both emotionally and psychologically. Moreover, adolescent victims who reported the presence of an outsider during the victimization experienced more complex and negative emotional responses than victims who reported the presence reinforcer or assistant of the bully. Implications for interventions and prevention are discussed.     

Antecedents of Psychological Empowerment: A Study of Greek Employees in Municipalities

ABSTRACT

Psychological empowerment has received a burgeoning attention among scholars and practitioners in the last decades. However, little is known about its antecedents in the public sector, and even more in municipalities. The present study attempts to fill this gap by examining the relationship of leader-member exchange (LMX), role conflict and role ambiguity with employees’ psychological empowerment. Data were collected from 210 administrative employees of nine Greek municipalities. Results supported our hypotheses that these three factors constitute important antecedents of such employees’ psychological empowerment. Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.     

An investigation into the risk perceptions held by maximum security correctional officers

Maximum security correctional officers play a crucial role in the establishment of order within their respective institutions of employment, yet they are also exposed to numerous occupational dangers that can threaten their general welfare. When they perceive high levels of injurious risk from workplace hazards, this cannot only jeopardize their job performance but lead to a poorly managed prison institution. Currently though, few studies have explored correctional officer perceptions of workplace dangers and risks, and even fewer have explored the factors that influence officer perceived risk of injury. Questionnaire data from a statewide population of maximum security correctional officers (N?=?649) were gathered in order to examine officer perceived risk of injury from workplace dangers, and the antecedents to this judgment. Results illustrated how officers perceived a high degree of injurious risk from their work, and that their risk perceptions were largely a product of psychological features of dangers. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.     

Psychological Empowerment and the Pursuit of Social Change: Outcomes of Foster Youth Engagement

Youth aging out of foster care are assumed to embody a disempowered group, for whom civic engagement opportunities are rare. Utilizing a targeted initiative, this study explores individual- and community-level outcomes derived from foster youth civic engagement. Data were collected via: (a) interview and survey research with foster youth advisory board leaders; (b) interview and survey research with civic youth workers; and, (c) non-participant observation of five foster youth advisory board meetings. Directed content analysis revealed three emergent themes, which transcended the data inductively (Opportunity through Access; Positive Conceptions of New Jersey's Department of Children and Families; and, Participatory Competence). These themes support and extend our current understanding of empowering outcomes for this population. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.     

罪犯自杀发生后的心理干预

狱内罪犯的自杀是严重影响监管安全的恶性事件,并可以引发一系列负面的连锁反应。从心理学干预的角度出发,对狱内自杀事件的后续处置工作,主要应采取发现罪犯自杀迹象时的心理学干预方法,自杀事件（已遂或未遂）发生后对自杀未遂者、周围的工作人员及其他罪犯的心理学干预方法。     

论犯罪被害人被害性心理表现及其预防

无论是犯罪人还是被害人都不是一个绝对静止的概念,它们是犯罪行为过程中的一对矛盾体。犯罪被害人存在被害性,有其被害性的心理表现。因此,重视对犯罪主体的心理研究,加强对犯罪被害人心理的探讨并提出有效对策,是预防或减少犯罪发生的有效途径。     

公安院校毕业生心理健康状况调查——以福建警察学院为例

采用SCL-90症状自评量表对我校568名专科毕业生进行测试,并与全国成人常模对照分析,我校毕业生心理健康状况总体良好,但有一部分学生存在心理问题;在男女毕业生中,女生的强迫症状、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子均显著高于男生。加强对公安院校学生的心理健康教育工作刻不容缓。     

犯罪心理测试的证据属性研究

犯罪心理测试技术是一项新兴的先进司法应用技术。此项技术主要运用心理学中有关记忆的原理,通过检测犯罪嫌疑人有无涉案的犯罪心理痕迹,达到区分作案者与无辜者的目的。目前,此项技术主要运用于我国刑事司法领域,尤其在侦查阶段发挥着重要作用。尽管此项技术具有一定的局限性,但其原理的科学性与结论的可靠性已得到实践的证实。在肯定犯罪心理测试价值的基础上,进一步分析测试结论的证据属性。当前我国犯罪心理测试制度存在不科学、不完善等问题,应从立法与司法角度规范此制度,从而促进其得到正确运用和健康发展。     

事实与价值:罪过评价的二元视角——论传统罪过理论的缺陷与期待可能性理论

传统罪过理论的缺陷在于只注重心理事实的判断而忽视规范价值的判断(对过错是否具备刑法非难价值的判断),本文试图将大陆法系刑法理论中的期待可能性理论引入我国的罪过理论中,从而在罪过的概念中增加规范价值评价的因素,以使我国的罪过理论更加完善。     

Assessing Empowerment in Divorce Mediation

The empowerment of disputants is a fundamental concern of mediation research, but empowerment is difficult to measure. This study operationally defines empowerment in a divorce case as an agreed-upon modification of the Texas Standard Possession Order in the direction of granting more time with the child to the noncustodial parent. Using a cross-case analysis of mediated and nonmediated divorce cases, this study found that couples that participated in mediation were empowered, not disempowered, in the construction of their visitation arrangements. Implications for measuring empowerment, litigation, and legislative policy are discussed.