Digital identity – The legal person?

This paper examines the concept of digital identity which the author asserts is now evident in the United Kingdom as a consequence of the Identity Cards Act (UK) 2006 and the National Identity Scheme it establishes. The nature and functions of the concept, particularly the set of information which constitutes an individual's transactional identity, are examined. The paper then considers the central question of who, or what, is the legal person in a transaction i.e. who or what enters into legal relations. The analysis presents some intriguing results which were almost certainly not envisaged by the legislature. The implications extend beyond the United Kingdom to similar schemes in other jurisdictions, and to countries, like Australia, which may implement such a scheme.     

佩雷尔曼新修辞学的论式系统

佩雷尔曼新修辞学恢复了古典论式理论的荣耀。新修辞学论式系统是对不确定条件下推理形式的分析，虽然这些推理形式是实践中不可或缺的，但笛卡尔时代以来一直被逻辑学家和知识理论家所忽视。论式是新修辞学论辩理论的核心。在新修辞学的论式系统里，亚里士多德“更可取的”topoi被用作与价值和价值层级相关联的推理前提——论证的出发点，因而与涉及推理形式的其他辩证推理发挥不同功能。新修辞学的论式在论辩中既生成说服力，也展现合理性；既与听众及其文化环境相联系，也通过论式的相反形式与论辩攻防相联系。新修辞学的论式，尤其是“准逻辑”论式与法律论证关系密切，对法律论证的辨识、结构分析、论证构建和批评有重要意义。     

Implementing a COAG Reform Using the National Law Model: Australia's National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for Health Practitioners

The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) is undertaking a program of reform part of which requires moving from diverse state and territory based legislated systems to a nationally consistent system. A method which is being increasingly used for this purpose is the national law model. On 1 July 2010 a new national registration and accreditation scheme (NRAS) for health practitioners commenced using this model. The challenges faced in implementing NRAS may be faced by other initiatives using the same approach. The challenges of reaching agreement on a national system, avoiding variations within a national system at local level and delays in legislation across multiple parliaments are considered in the light of NRAS experience and lessons for similar projects are drawn out.     

私法中理性人标准之构建

他人内心世界的无法直接获知性,决定了个案裁判中理性人标准的不可或缺.司法实践中,需要运用理性人标准来完成相应的评价工作.理性人标准的运用包括三个阶段:理性人建构、场景重构、透过认知图式得出结论.个案中,通过设想一个具有特定知识结构和能力水准之人,在具体的场景下会形成什么样的认识,来完成对行为人的评价任务.理性人的内部结构主要包括知识结构、认知能力和行动能力,理性人的具体化即表现为理性人的知识结构和能力水准的具体确定.理性人的具体化、场景的重构,均需在价值指引下进行.对此,认为理性人标准系为单一价值服务的观点不可取.理性人标准所要实现的价值,必须结合其所要解决的问题领域具体地加以确定,不同领域中理性人标准所要实现的价值也会不同.价值实现的基本途径是,将价值取向作为确定理性人能力水平和具体知识状况的标准,并指引场景的重构.理性人标准在私法中有着非常广泛的适用空间,并可扩展到公法领域.     

Berko Anat. The Path to Paradise,the Inner World of Suicide Bombers and Their Dispatchers. Forward by Moshe Addad,and translated by Elizabeth Yuval

This article conceptualizes political radicalization as a dimension of increasing extremity of beliefs, feelings, and behaviors in support of intergroup conflict and violence. Across individuals, groups, and mass publics, twelve mechanisms of radicalization are distinguished. For ten of these mechanisms, radicalization occurs in a context of group identification and reaction to perceived threat to the ingroup. The variety and strength of reactive mechanisms point to the need to understand radicalization—including the extremes of terrorism—as emerging more from the dynamics of intergroup conflict than from the vicissitudes of individual psychology.     

刑事诉讼本科教学要传播人文精神——以落实“卓越法律人才培养计划”为主的分析

卓越法律人才培养计划中的刑事诉讼本科教学要在批判传统中传播人文精神,要克服有罪推定与单一化的打击犯罪,聚焦人权问题,突出人权保障。人权保障的突出要通过明确人权内涵、区分人权存在状态、凝练人权的基本范畴而在授课中自成系统,要通过选取正反两方面案例材料来印证,要增加必修课课时、增设从历史切入的国外刑事诉讼选修课来落实。     

Implementing EU emissions trading: success or failure?

This article assesses and explains the implementation of the EU emissions trading scheme (EU ETS). It argues that implementation in terms of ambitiousness has been only moderately successful so far, but significant differences between the Member States are also observed. Similarities and differences are then explained within a multi-level governance approach emphasizing the need to search for explanations at national, EU, and global levels. The EU ETS case shows that the multi-level governance approach can be as relevant for understanding implementation as for explaining policy-making. In addition to factors located at the national level, the decentralized nature of the EU scheme itself is important for understanding how the system works in practice. At the global level, the link to the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol is particularly important for determining how well the EU ETS will perform in the future.     

培养大学生创新意识是国家创新体系可持续发展的要求

国家创新体系建设是提升国家科技竞争力、提高国家综合实力的一项战略。大学作为国家创新体系建设的主体，承载着培养高素质的创新人才的重任。大学生是国家、民族的未来，大学生创新意识、创业精神的培养直接影响着国家创新体系的可持续发展，也是高等院校实践科学发展观的本质要求，必须加强对大学生创新意识、创业精神的培养途径的探讨与研究。     

检察机关提起民事诉讼:法理、价值及其程序建构

授权检察机关提起民事诉讼为当今多数国家民事诉讼立法的共同选择,我国虽对此未作规定,但实务部门已进行了颇具启发性的探索。检察机关提起民事诉讼具备法理上的正当性,有利于维护社会公益,实现社会公正,提高诉讼效率。我国立法应确立检察机关提起民事诉讼制度。     

社区治理模式转型下的农民参与"新农合"分析——以内蒙古姚村为例

以往对农民参与新型农村合作医疗(简称新农合)的研究缺乏从农村社区治理视角的分析。以内蒙古姚村农民参与新农合为例,从社区治理模式转型这一视角分析农民在参与新农合制度中存在的不足,认为农村社区治理模式在由宗族型向由自治组织型的转变中,农民参与社区公共事务在参与决策制定、参与过程和参与结果的掌控方面存在缺乏组织依附、自我管理差的不足。加速自治组织的完善,克服农民的原子化倾向,提升农民社区参与程度,才能保证惠农支农政策的实施。