Public sector innovation,e-government,and anticorruption in China and India: Insights from civil servants

Both China and India are adopting information and communication technologies to facilitate openness and transparency in their governments, and hence reduce corruption. Distinctive from their traditional anticorruption approaches, is the innovative e-government approach an effective solution to corruption in these two large developing countries? This paper addresses the question through comparative in-depth interviews with 44 mid- or senior-level officials in the public sector in these two countries. The first study of its kind, our research shows that civil servants in both countries overall think positively about transparency and technology in reducing corruption. However, to what extent these innovative measures will be effective is conditional on various factors, such as political willingness, income inequality, and infrastructure readiness. What is worth noting is that the Chinese respondents were more positive regarding the role of transparency, whereas the Indian respondents were more positive about the role of technology, which may reflect the different facilitators of corruption and the constraints of anticorruption in China and India.     

Buyer and Seller Differences in Business‐to‐Business Negotiations

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to examine the differences between buyers' and sellers' use of negotiation tactics in face‐to‐face business‐to‐business (B2B) negotiations and second, to explore how negotiators' professed negotiation styles influence buyers' and sellers' use of tactics. The methodology is a multiple case study analysis of eighteen negotiators representing twelve companies in six real‐life buyer–seller negotiations in B2B settings analyzed using qualitative research methods, including both comparative analysis and frequency analysis. We found some difference between buyers' and sellers' use of negotiation tactics, which suggests this question deserves further empirical study. Buyers' and sellers' use of specific tactics differs according to which overall strategy the negotiators chose, and sellers generally use a greater number of negotiation tactics than buyers. The findings challenge previous findings that suggest that B2B negotiations are collaborative and that negotiators communicate in a collaborative manner. The findings also increase our understanding of buyers' and sellers' variable use of tactics in the course of everyday practice as well as the interplay between negotiation tactics and strategies.     

Dealing with uncertainty: the illusion of knowledge in the study of counterterrorism effectiveness

Efforts to combat terrorism have become a priority in the security agenda of most countries around the world, while the respective policies, tools and instruments have amounted to significant costs. In this article, we review the literature on counterterrorism (CT) effectiveness and draw a series of rather negative conclusions with regard to the reliability of our knowledge in this area. We find that the literature displays case and data selection biases, and the results produced are oftentimes contradictory, mostly due to the use of different indicators. We then propose a conceptualisation of CT effectiveness, which should help to resolve some of the issues outlined. The article concludes by outlining some future research directions that should improve our methodological grasp in the field.     

高职文科专业实践教学课程体系构建与实践教学方法研究

高等职业教育课程目标具有三个特性,即职业性、实践性和开放性.高等职业教育目标要求在人才培养过程中加强实践教学环节,构建实践教学课程体系.文科专业的实践教学课程体系和实践教学方法要在理工科院校“工学结合一体化”课程基础上进行创新,构建既符合高职教育目标又符合文科专业特点的实践课程体系和实践教学方法.     

论我国中小企业界定标准的完善

为了扶植中小企业发展，各国均制定有促进中小企业发展的法律政策，这些法律政策首先要解决的问题就是对扶持对象——中小企业进行科学的界定。我国目前中小企业划分标准在实施中遇到了一些问题，应该采取定性和定量标准相结合的方式，重新界定小企业的内涵，简化中小企业的划分指标，细化中小企业划分标准，并将中小企业界定标准覆盖到全部第三产业。     

法律方法的技术意义和规范意义

法学作为科学,是因为法律方法不仅应当,而且事实上能够实现法律的客观性、确定性和安定性。从科学性的角度看,法律方法具有技术意义,并表现在三个方面:实用价值、效率价值和规范价值。法律方法不是一般的技术,而是一种具有规范意义的技术。法律方法的规范意义与实现和维护法治具有内在的关联性,其对法治的功能表现为形式功能、自律功能和批判功能。强调法律方法的规范意义是伸张法治和法律客观性的需要。     

Comparison of Anonymous Versus Confidential Survey Procedures: Effects on Health Indicators in Dutch Adolescents

Self-report questionnaires are frequently used in youth research, but doubt remains whether total anonymity affects the results. This study compared the responses of 704 mainly 16–17-year-old adolescents to self-report measures of various health indicators in 2 groups: anonymous and confidential collection. For most health indicators no significant differences were found. Perceived health, use of alcohol, and aggressive behavior (for boys) were reported significantly less frequently in the confidential group (small effect size). It appeared that pupils with high scores on social desirability do not respond differently at most health indicators in the 2 conditions. For most health characteristics, epidemiologically useful outcomes may be derived from confidential self-report measures, which are also valuable for detecting individual at-risk children. Similar studies in lower grades and other types of education should confirm the results.Youth Department, Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area. Main research interests are emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents, youth health care, monitoring.Youth Department, Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area. Main research interests are emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents, youth health care, monitoring.Research Department, Municipal Health Service Rotterdam area. Major research interests include emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents, suicidal behavior, youth health care, monitoring.     

牵连犯牵连关系和处断原则的理论思辩

对牵连犯本质特征的界定 ,应从其内部特定的质去寻找 ,是正确界定牵连犯特征的逻辑思维的方法论 ;对牵连犯中的牵连关系 ,只有行为人实施数行为时在主观上具有牵连的意图 ,该数行为在法律规定犯罪构成上存在包容或交叉关系 ,才能认为数行为具有牵连关系 ;对牵连犯的处罚 ,应以其社会危害性为基础 ,坚持以择一重罪从重处罚为原则 ,以刑法和司法解释规定数罪并罚为例外的处断原则。     

试论交际法在公共英语教学中的运用

为了适应新世纪具有创新精神和实践能力的高素质人才的需求 ,高校的公共英语教学应把培养学生的交际能力作为出发点和目的。过去 ,交际法被认为只适用于英语专业学生的听说课 ,但实践证明 ,通过认真设计教案 ,精心组织教学 ,交际法同样适用于非英语专业学生的精读课。     

社会实验与自然科学实验的方法论比较

实验是科学研究的基本方法.本文试从科学方法论角度,对自然科学实验和社会实验进行比较研究,探讨社会实验与自然科学实验的深层衔接点和无法通约之处,以加深对社会实验及其方法论的理解.