A Rationale and Method for Examining Reasons for Linkages Among Adolescent Risk Behaviors

A large volume of research has investigated interrelations among adolescent risk behaviors. Although several theoretical accounts have been proposed, researchers have not directly examined hypotheses for why risk behaviors are linked. In the present paper, a distinction is drawn between predictive factors that explain variance in risk behaviors and “linkage factors” which may provide an explanation for why risk behaviors are interrelated. The relevance of linkage factors to risk behavior research, theory, and practice is described. Further, a simple to use and easy to interpret analytic technique for exploring linkage-related issues is illustrated. Using this technique, hypotheses regarding the role of predictors in explaining linkages among risk behaviors can be tested directly. The proposed line of inquiry will provide valuable input for intervention efforts and theoretically relevant information concerning linkages among adolescent risk behaviors. Research Associate at the Brock Research Institute for Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. He received his M.A. in Clinical Psychology from the University of North Dakota. His major research interests are adolescent risk behavior involvement and youth activity involvement as a context for positive development. Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from the University of Waterloo. Her major research interests include adolescent risk taking and resilience, including academic underachievement and media/technology influences on lifestyle choices and learning. Assistant Professor in the Department of Child and Youth Studies at Brock University, Ontario, Canada. She received her Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Brock University. Her major research interests are adolescent risk-behavior involvement, particularly related to gambling, and risk and resilience.     

关于不同企业开展工资集体协商的策略研究

近年来各地开展工资集体协商覆盖范围日益扩大，但由于一些基层单位在协商策略及方法上有所欠缺，影响了效果和质量，加大对工资协商策略的研究，有利于保证协商效果，促进工资集体协商真正成为职工维权的长效机制。     

锯痕检验的方法

根据锯痕的特征对锯痕和嫌疑人进行分析,并利用伤、缺齿痕、歪齿痕、被折断的锯痕,以及断面附着物等痕迹特征,对嫌疑锯进行鉴定的方法对于锯痕检验十分具有现实意义。     

政党制度优越性的比较

对不同类型政党制度进行比较 ,能帮助我们更好地认识中国政党制度的优越性。要进行比较就要有正确的比较方法和衡量标准 ,并满足进行比较的基本条件。在进行比较时要用历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义的方法进行全面的客观的比较 ;在确定衡量标准时 ,最根本的是要从本国国情出发 ;立足本国实际是进行比较的基本条件。     

关于信息心理战的几个问题

信息心理战将作为独立的作战样式登上现代战争舞台.把握信息心理战概念,需要弄清信息与心理、信息心理战与传统心理战、信息心理战与信息战的关系.信息心理战的基本特征是基本武器是影响心理的有效信息;直接目标是敌方人员的心理及能力;主要路径是现代传输、传递与传媒技术;作战领域空前扩大.它的进攻方式包括造势心理战、网络心理战和宣传心理战;它的防御方式包括心理防护教育,反心战措施以及心理伤害的调节和恢复等.     

住肉孢子虫病免疫学诊断方法的研究

本文以间接血凝试验(IHA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、荧光抗体试验(IFA)、斑点酶联免疫吸附试验(Dot-ELISA)等4种免疫方法诊断水牛、黄牛和猪的住肉孢子虫病,检出率分别为77.6％(其中水牛为93.4％,黄牛为65.9％),96.1％(其中猪为59.2％,小牛及青年牛为71.4％,成年牛为97.5％),97.5％和97.8％。其中应用IFA、Dot-ELISA诊断家畜住肉孢子虫病,在国内尚未见有报道。试验表明,免疫学诊断技术是当前对家畜住肉孢子虫病进行生前诊断的主要方法。     

The case of the missing victims: Gunshot woundings in the National Crime Survey

National Crime Survey (NCS) data yield an estimate that 171,000 Americans were nonfatally shot in criminal assaults, robberies, and rapes for the period 1973–1979. Comparing this estimate with the number of firearms homicides during this period suggests either that the death rate in gunshot cases is very high (over 1/3) or that the NCS estimate is low. Based on police-generated data appropriate to estimating the true death rate from gunshot wounds, it appears that the NCS estimate is low by a factor of about 3.0 compared with the number of criminal gunshot woundings known to the police. It is common knowledge that survey-based estimates of assault rates tend to be relatively unreliable, a fact that has been attributed to problems with respondents being willing and able to recall threats, fist fights, and other minor assaults. The current result indicates that the estimation problem is not limited to minor assaults. There is reason to think that the underestimate of gunshot woundings is the result of problems with the NCS sample as well as problems with respondent cooperation.     

On the Robustness and Validity of Groups

In response to Nagin's comment on our paper, Methodological Sensitivities to Latent Class Analysis of Long-Term Criminal Trajectories, we reconsider the robustness and validity of group-based approaches to criminal trajectories and introduce additional issues for future research. We emphasize the limitations of typological approaches and the dangers of reifying the idea of distinct offender groupings for research and policy. We also clarify misunderstandings about the use of hierarchical linear models for studying trajectories of crime. Our basic conclusion is that methods in criminology need to be more tightly linked with theory.     

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪研判

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪的辨析一直是办案实务中的争议难点。文章对盗窃罪及职务侵占罪进行细化分析并就如何准确定性进行了研判,提出四大定性法则:即"工作之便"抑或"职务之便"定性法则,是否"具有合法权限持有、管理单位财物"定性法则,法益定性法则,被侵犯财物的状况定性法则。     

精品课程建设中本科课堂教学应处理好的几个基本关系

诉讼法精品课程建设,应当高度重视本科课堂教学。只有着力处理好授课内容与教材的关系、系统讲授与突出重点的关系、内容的知识性与趣味性的关系、阐释法学理论与联系司法实际的关系、传授知识与培养能力的关系、教师的主导作用与学生的能动作用的关系,才能够真正提高本科课堂教学效果。