On the Robustness and Validity of Groups

In response to Nagin's comment on our paper, Methodological Sensitivities to Latent Class Analysis of Long-Term Criminal Trajectories, we reconsider the robustness and validity of group-based approaches to criminal trajectories and introduce additional issues for future research. We emphasize the limitations of typological approaches and the dangers of reifying the idea of distinct offender groupings for research and policy. We also clarify misunderstandings about the use of hierarchical linear models for studying trajectories of crime. Our basic conclusion is that methods in criminology need to be more tightly linked with theory.     

产品缺陷及认定标准比较研究

产品缺陷是产品责任构成不可或缺的要件,我国对产品缺陷的定义及其认定标准界定的不够科学,对此,应借鉴国外经验.是否存在不合理的危险应是产品缺陷定义的关键因素.产品缺陷的认定标准,应确立"两分法"标准,即根据情况,选择适用消费者期待标准,或者风险-效用平衡标准.     

发展民族社区经济方法探索--以可邑彝族生态文化旅游村项目为例

民族社区发展是一项复杂的社会实践活动,其核心是发展.通常的发展模式往往因忽略了社区成员的切身要求、自我意识及创造潜力而收效不甚明显.因此,西部大开发背景下的云南民族社区发展期待运作方法上的创新和突破.而来自可邑彝族村旅游发展项目的实践表明借鉴国际发展机构对欠发达地区实施的较为成功的参与性发展模式,结合云南实际,特别是民族社区独有的民族文化、传统习俗、生活方式,探索民族社区目标人群自身能力发掘及建设的方法,在项目实践中将理论上的民族文化的自信心、自觉性转化为村民的自觉行为,从而有效地解决传承民族传统文化与发展经济之间的矛盾,促进民族自身经济社会的协调发展,是切实可行的.     

如何使查缉战术教学更能出战斗力之管见

为响应公安部提出的：“向教育要警力,向教育要战斗力”的号召,目前各地公安院校都开设了查缉战术课。查缉战术课要贴近实战,要出战斗力就必须改革教学观念;改变教师知识结构,扩大知识面;加强校际交流,建立教学与实践结合机制;加强教学器材与设施建设。     

Juvenile Delinquency in Central European Cities: A Comparison of Registration and Processing Structures in the 1990s

The authors trace and compare the developments in recorded juvenile delinquency in Hamburg, Prague, Cracow and Budapest from 1991-1997 and then analyse the processing and selection procedures of the various justice systems. They devote special attention to ethnic minorities within this filtering process. The most salient feature is that the crime rates and processing structures in the former socialist countries display considerable similarities. It would almost be possible to speak of a specific type of criminal justice system with a typical form of reaction. While in the West, the large number of suspects is considerably reduced during later stages of selection to a much smaller number (those actually sentenced and/or imprisoned), what the authors call a funnel model, in the East a smaller number of suspected offenders enters this selection process, but tends to remain within it and be sentenced - the cylinder model. These procedural structures have changed little in the 1990s, and there has certainly not been any increasing alignment of the Eastern systems with the Western one. Indeed, the difference has, if anything, become greater. These lower crime statistics as compared with the West - represented here by Hamburg - are, however, not only the result of equally large discrepancies between the real crime rates, but in this regard the pro-active crime prevention measures of the police, which in Hamburg have caused the inclusion of an increased number of juveniles and foreigners in the crime statistics since 1995, have also had a great effect. The research project thus clearly demonstrates the importance of interpreting crime statistics neither as a true representation nor as a distorted reflection of the activities of a criminal justice system. Instead, these statistics should be seen as reflecting specific processing procedures and methods of crime control.     

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪研判

盗窃罪与职务侵占罪的辨析一直是办案实务中的争议难点。文章对盗窃罪及职务侵占罪进行细化分析并就如何准确定性进行了研判,提出四大定性法则:即"工作之便"抑或"职务之便"定性法则,是否"具有合法权限持有、管理单位财物"定性法则,法益定性法则,被侵犯财物的状况定性法则。     

精品课程建设中本科课堂教学应处理好的几个基本关系

诉讼法精品课程建设,应当高度重视本科课堂教学。只有着力处理好授课内容与教材的关系、系统讲授与突出重点的关系、内容的知识性与趣味性的关系、阐释法学理论与联系司法实际的关系、传授知识与培养能力的关系、教师的主导作用与学生的能动作用的关系,才能够真正提高本科课堂教学效果。     

民事裁判中事实认定的对象

民事裁判中事实认定对象的准确确定 ,是作为裁判基础的事实得以正确、及时认定的前提。但由于受事实与评价、案件性质等因素之影响 ,使得事实认定对象的准确确定十分复杂。本文在深入地理论分析和实证考察的基础上 ,明确提出了以当事人就事实问题存在的实质性争议焦点为事实认定对象的观点 ,并尝试性地探讨及时、准确地认定对象的方法。     

心理测试中的犯罪者心理研究

从犯罪者个性因素和犯罪环境因素两方面,对心理测试中的犯罪者心理进行分析。通过测前准备阶段分析犯罪者心理,缩小犯罪嫌疑人,确定侦查方向。正式测试时把握犯罪者心理,完整地将被测人与犯罪者区分开来,帮助侦查人员判断和逮捕犯罪嫌疑人,破获案件。