法律解释的困境

由于法律解释元规则的缺位 ,法律解释学很难具有方法论的意义。疑难案件的判决结果并不来自于法律内部 ,对不同判决方案预测其社会效果并权衡其利弊得失是隐含于法律解释中的思维过程 ,正是这个隐含的思维过程决定了疑难案件应当如何判决、法律应当如何解释。     

三妙丸方诸药基原考

目的 对《医学正传》三妙丸中诸药的基原植物进行考证,为临床正确选药提供依据。方法 查阅古代本草、方书和2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》（一部）及相关研究文献,梳理三妙丸的使用沿革,研究三妙丸及其加味方的使用历史。结果 三妙丸中牛膝原载为川牛膝,其原植物或为川牛膝Cyathula officinalis Kuan。然清代、民国时期多用怀牛膝组方,其原植物为怀牛膝Achyranthes bidentata Bl.。现今临床川牛膝、怀牛膝皆用,而《中华人民共和国药典》规定三妙丸中用怀牛膝。方中苍术原载为苍术,原植物为茅苍术Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.,现今多使用其栽培品以及北苍术A. chinensis (DC.) Koidz.。方中黄柏即为川黄柏Phellodendron chinense Schneid.,供应不足时亦可用关黄柏P. amurense Rupr.代替。结论 三妙丸方中3味药的基原植物分别为川牛膝、茅苍术和川黄柏。     

论民法解释之依据与解释方法之运用

法律解释不仅包括法律规范内容含义不明确、不清楚时的解释,还包括对法律规范的有无进行的判断、在没有法律规定时进行的漏洞补充和价值补充。依解释法律的主体及效力的不同,民法的解释一般分为立法解释、司法解释和学理解释。而法律解释的方法包括文义、体系、目的、历史、比较等方法。法律漏洞的补充与法律条文的解释有时并不能截然区分而有所交叉,因此有必要加以分析。     

Police professionalism and cynicism reconsidered: An assessment of measurement issues

A hierarchical logistic model is used to analyze data on Three Strikes-eligible offenders in California and the counties in which they are sentenced. The analysis finds that discretion is widely exercised by elected prosecutors and judges in the administration of Three Strikes. Discretion functions as a “safety valve” and preserves some sentencing proportionality, but may also allow political concerns to influence sentencing decisions. A more conservative political environment is strongly associated with stricter application of the law. Consistent with racial threat theory, eligible felons are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences in counties with larger Latino populations. However, the size of the black population has no significant effect. Higher unemployment rates are associated with more stringent application of the law. Prosecutorial and judicial discretion benefits offenders unequally. Controlling for legally relevant factors, black offenders are more likely to receive Three Strikes sentences, while younger ones are less likely.     

初探突审中的微表情运用

微表情能够准确反映出一个人的内在真实情感情绪和心理状态,突审中注意观察犯罪嫌疑人的微表情,能了解犯罪嫌疑人真实的感受和动机。侦查员可以对眼部、眉部、鼻部、嘴部的微表情进行深入分析,在此基础之上合理运用讯问策略,进而在突审中实现重大突破。     

我国民行检察监督法律制度的发展与完善

通过对我国民行检察监督制度发展的规律性认识折射出我国整个检察制度发展改革应完善的方向：加强检察理论研究，重视与学界的沟通与交流，为检察改革营造出良好的理论环境；重视检察改革中的外部关系，与法院在博弈中加强合作，在合作共赢中推进检察制度改革；鼓励地方检察机关的创新型实践，检察改革应采取自上而下和自下而上相结合的改革路径。     

Lost in space? the role of place in the delivery of social welfare law advice over the telephone and face-to-face

ABSTRACT

Advice that is provided exclusively over the telephone has been promoted by government as more convenient and accessible than face-to-face appointments. The resulting push towards telephone-only provision, as implemented by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, challenges the long history of association between social welfare law advice and local delivery within disadvantaged communities. This article reports on qualitative research comparing telephone and face-to-face advice which uncovers the continuing relevance of place in the dynamics and mechanics of social welfare law provision. Familiarity with the geographical location, knowledge of local policies and procedures, relationships with opponents and allies, and an understanding of the ‘local legal culture’ mean that face-to-face advisers are often able to conduct their legal casework more effectively. Conversely, local knowledge is unlikely to be available to Community Legal Advice telephone advisers. This research suggests that, in addition, telephone-only advisers may be developing a more narrow understanding of the essential qualities of casework. These findings are particularly significant in view of the likely future expansion of remote methods of delivery in legal aid work.     

Social Policy by Other Means: Theorizing Unconventional Forms of Welfare Production

Abstract

The goal of this special issue is to highlight the importance of unconventional social policies, theorize their development in comparison with traditional welfare state accounts and outline a new research agenda. In this introduction to the special issue, the editors present the concept of social policy by other means as encompassing two kinds of unconventional social policy (from the point of view of mainstream comparative research): First, functional equivalents to formal systems of social protection and, second, non-state provision of benefits. The concept builds upon a sizeable, but fragmented literature in comparative welfare state research. While numerous examples demonstrate that social policy by other means is more pervasive in both OECD and non-OECD countries than often acknowledged, a brief survey of the top 20 articles in the field reveals that this fact is not sufficiently reflected in the academic literature. With reference to both existing studies and the contributions to this special issue, the editors go on to explore (1) the different forms of social policy by other means, (2) explanatory theories and (3) their effectiveness in terms of social outcomes. They close by outlining a research agenda.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.