The Link between Competitive Sport Participation and Self-concept in Early Adolescence: A Consideration of Gender and Sport Orientation

The current study explored specific aspects of sports and individuals on 4 domains of the self-system (physical competence and physical appearance self-concept, global physical and general self-esteem). Participants were 351 adolescents (M _age = 13.45, SD = 1.25 years, males n = 132) recruited from elite sports and regular school classrooms. Participants were separated into groups based on sports participation (elite athletes, n = 171, competitive athletes, n = 71; and non-athletes, n = 145). The intensity of the activity (strenuous, moderate, and mild), the level of athleticism (competitive, elite, non-athlete), gender, and sport orientation (win, goal, competitive) were examined. The level of athleticism (elite, competitive, and non-athlete) was found to be positively related to physical competence and appearance self-concept as well as global physical and general self-esteem. Analyses revealed a significant difference between the non-athletes and both the competitive and elite groups (with a difference between the latter two for physical competence only). Sport orientation was found to moderate the relation between athleticism and general self-esteem; non-athletes who had a greater win orientation or lower competitive orientation were also lower in self-esteem. Thus, the fit between the level of competition and self-concept may depend on characteristics of the individual such as her/her sport orientation.

创新社会化维权机制构建工会大维权格局

构建工会开放型、法制化、社会化、全方位大维权新格局,应从其层级结构、组织基础、运行机制、基本原则、基本载体、国际环境、工作重点、开放模式、干部队伍以及组织评估体系等方面建立较完备的体系,以体现中国特色社会主义工会道路科学维权观的要求。     

中国特色与哲学精华

哲学是时代的精华。中国改革开放30多年的实践是在中国特色社会主义理论的指导下展开的,其中充满了哲学思维的睿智,学习和把握中国特色社会主义理论体系的哲学精华是十分必要的。     

Essence of Negotiation: Understanding Appeasement and “The Great Munich Stereotype”

The relative merits of rational choice and behavioral approaches to the study of negotiation continue to be hotly debated. This article tests qualitative postdictions (assertions or deductions about something in the past) from these paradigms as well as the alternative approach of new institutional theory against the extensive record of negotiation process, contractual form, and contract implementation from the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. I find the incomplete relational form of the peace treaty to be consistent with the behavioral and new institutional concepts and find that only behavioral theory can explain how unilateral German moves unraveled the treaty during the 1930s. But the historical record further reveals that the close fit between the behavioral paradigm and these events is more than coincidence. I also discuss the role of conference participants, particularly John Maynard Keynes and Walter Lippmann, in establishing the basis for modern behavioral science. The behavioral paradigm emerged from efforts to understand and fix serious policy mistakes such as those made in the peace negotiations. The study of human error was intended to serve as the basis for broad‐based organizational solutions. Finally, I discuss the impact of “the Munich stereotype” on such recent events as the planning for the American invasion and reconstruction of Iraq; such examples suggest continued imperfections in the system of organized intelligence that has actually evolved in the United States.     

论比例原则

比例原则作为行政法的“帝王条款”,已在国外的立法研究和司法实践中获得普遍重视和不同程度的运用,因而成为其行政法学研究的热点之一。但比例原则在我国大陆尚未引起行政法学者足够的重视,通过对比例原则基本内涵的分析以及比例原则与合理性原则的比较,阐释比例原则在行政法中的独特地位,希冀能推动中国行政法治的发展。     

警察文化的理论定位

作为精神文化的警察文化反映警察文化的本质属性，作为政治文化和社会文化的警察文化反映了警察文化的本质维度。警察文化自然还应该是一种管理文化，但是，它内在地属于包含于政治文化中的行政文化和组织文化范畴。政治文化和社会文化之间是一种相互规定的关系，二者的集合构成警察文化的完整内容。警察文化在政治和社会两个维度上辩证地展开决定警察文化对警务活动支撑的内在逻辑。     

“服务型政府”、“法治政府”辨析

“服务型政府”反映中国共产党执政为民、为人民服务的思想，强调以民为本、执政为民的执政理念；“法治政府”是“中国政府施政的基本准则”。从“服务型政府”“法治政府”提出的背景、基本内涵以及价值取向等方面采看，“服务型政府”不同于“法治政府”。     

法律论证的逻辑取向

法律论证作为一般论证的特定形式，法律论证应包括立法论证、司法论证等一切法律活动。同时，它作为一种说理的知识与技能，只有在所有法律活动中运用才具有整合法律的功能。以此为视角，法律论证的逻辑取向是非形式逻辑，关注思维的实质内容。特别是理由问题：理由的合成和逻辑联系、理由的可接受性、“形式理由”与“实体理由”的划分、理由的可能和论辩的和解等。法律需要逻辑，法律论证必须符合逻辑，倘若法律生命没有逻辑，则法律生命将不堪一击。     

市场经济体制下人民警察核心价值观的构建

随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立和完善，人民警察核心价值观的构建应适应市场发展的客观需要，符合市场自由经济本质对警察的定位要求。社会主义市场经济条件下警察核心价值观的内涵是忠诚、公正、服务、奉献。警察核心价值观须通过思想沟通与教育、典型示范、立足窗口服务、打造警察文化、加强载体建设等工作来宣传和培育。