Face recognition as a function of distance and illumination: A practical tool for use in the courtroom

Abstract

This paper describes a practical courtroom tool that provides insight in face recognition accuracy as a function of distance and illumination. Subjects were shown 3/4 target portraits with an exposition time of 12 seconds, immediately followed by a target-absent or target-present lineup of six full-face portraits. Subjects were asked to identify the target. Seven distances (3 to 40 meter) and nine illumination levels (0.3 to 3000 lux) were used which resulted in a 7?9 matrix, with in the cells a hit score and a false alarm score. From these rough data several other measures were derived, like d-prime, diagnostic value and some idealised scores. The scores represent the upper margins of recognition accuracy with the memory component reduced to a minimum. The results clearly indicate a systematic increase of recognition performance with decreasing distance and increasing illumination. The end result is a practical rule of thumb, the Rule of Fifteen: Even in ideal conditions the desired diagnostic value of 15 is reached at not more than 15 meters, not less than 15 lux.     

起查中运用辨认措施存在的问题及其对策

尽管辨认在我国侦查实践中发挥着重要的作用，但现实中仍然暴露出实施辨认的条件把握不严，辨认前的询问和告知程序被忽略，主持辨认的侦查人员数量和身份不合法，混杂辨认对象的数量混乱，且陪衬对象的选择过于随意等问题，为了更好地发挥辨认在侦查中的作用，建议进一步加强对辨认的立法，完善辨认规则，制定科学合理的辨认操作程序，加强对辩认的监督和完善对辨认结论的审查判断机制。     

U.S Federal Trade Commission hosts public forum on facial recognition technology

On December 8, 2011, the United States Federal Trade Commission hosted “Face Facts, A Forum on Facial Recognition Technology,” a one-day public forum exploring emerging issues in the field of facial recognition in Washington, D.C. Consisting of thought leaders from academics, government and industry, four panels analyzed and discussed the technology behind facial recognition, current and potential uses of that technology, and the privacy and security concerns raised by this newly-emerging technology. The event was open to the public and was made available on the Internet via webcast.     

Differex~（TM）与Chelex-100法在混合斑检验中的应用比较

目的探讨DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中的应用价值,并与传统Chelex-100法进行比较。方法对日常性侵犯案件中的生物检材分别通过DifferexTM系统法与Chelex-100法检验来比较两种方法的优劣。结果采用Chelex-100法提取时,在所检验样本中仅有床单全部获得单一分型,而采用DifferexTM系统法则只有一条内裤的分型为混合型,其它均为单一分型。应用DifferexTM系统法还可以同时提取女性上皮细胞DNA,成功率为100%。采用Chelex-100法时出现双尖峰的频率也明显超过DifferexTM系统法。结论 DifferexTM系统法在法医学性侵犯案件混合斑检验中比Chelex-100法具有更明显的优势,是一种非常有应用前景的方法。     

TRIPS协定下药品试验数据保护的政府义务

TRIPS协定第39.3条为成员方政府设置了保护药品试验数据义务的最低标准,成员方在遵循基本义务的前提下,在药品数据保护制度的制定和实施中仍有一定的灵活度和自由空间,不同成员方可以采取不同的立法模式。无论从履行国际义务的层面,还是从促进我国制药产业的创新与发展的角度来说,药品试验数据保护都是政府需要承担的义务和职责。应在现有的法律规定下,结合我国行业发展情况的实际,研究制定进一步的实施细则。     

试论党的群众工作的考验、动力及其整合

党的群众工作的三维度考验主要有:最大考验是脱离群众,内在考验是公权力侵犯私权利,外在考验是群体性事件层出不穷。党的群众工作的六层次动力有:理论动力、承诺动力、制度动力、精神动力、倒逼动力、竞争动力等。如何整合动力应对考验,是党的群众工作亟需研究和探讨的问题。     

提高大学英语四级完形填空成绩的策略研究

历次四级考试成绩分析结果表明,完形填空的得分普遍较低。许多学生反映,完形填空部分是他们在CET一4中感到最棘手的一项。因此,研究完形填空的出题角度及题型特点,指导学生掌握一定的解题技巧及应试策略,对于提高四级考试整体成绩具有重要的现实意义。     

我国心理测试结论的证据属性与定位

目前各国关于心理测试(测谎)结论的法定资格的态度大体可以分为两类:一类是持基本肯定的态度;另一类是持完全否定的态度。在我国司法领域中,心理测试结论的最终的出具形式仍是"测试报告",并没有把它隶属于鉴定结论的范畴,它和鉴定结论之间有着本质的差异。但在借鉴国外证据的"有限采用规则"和"补强规则"的框架下,心理测试技术和测试结论仍在我国的司法实践中有着广泛的应用价值。     

指纹自动识别技术的司法内外价值之评析

指纹自动识别技术在司法领域内的应用早已存在,无论在历史还是在现实的司法实践中都颇受欢迎,但是该技术在司法领域外的应用却是小荷才露尖尖角。由于指纹自身所具有的唯一性、随身性和不可伪造性等特征,使得它能够用来作为人身自动识别的一种有效手段,应用于社会经济生活和公共事务管理等各领域之中。     

论我国承认与执行外国仲裁裁决程序法的完善

我国承认与执行外国仲裁裁决的程序性规范零散，缺乏系统性及基本原则的统帅及指导，导致司法实践程序问题多多。因此，应当确立相应的法律基本原则，参照民事诉讼程序建立审查法律制度，以完善我国承认与执行外国仲裁裁决的程序法。