刑事案件立案统计不实问题探析

刑事案件立案统计不实是当前影响科学判断社会治安形势的重要因素之一,并在一定程度上影响了制定打击刑事犯罪的决策,因此,在当前和今后一个时期仍应把纠正刑事案件立案不实问题作为一项重点工作来抓,推动公安工作的良性发展。     

我国户籍制度改革动因探析

中国现行的户籍制度,以旧时的计划经济为背景,以人为划分人们之间的等级差异,强化个人差别待遇为特点,与现代构建和谐社会的要求已经不相适应。我们今天在社会生活里于户籍方面遭遇到的诸多困扰,意味着这个现行制度已经暴露出越来越多的问题。具体来说,体现在几个方面:一、对我国市场经济发展中城乡劳动力的分割导致了人力资源的配置失衡;二、阻碍、延缓了我国城镇化与农村人口重心转移;三、现实生活中职业与身份的分离产生社会实体性农民与制度设置性农民的角色错位;四、户籍管理缺位带来预期目标与实际效果的偏离。     

论不动产适用善意取得制度的理论基础

在传统民法理论中,善意取得的适用范围仅限于动产。然而,对社会生活加以考察可以发现,由于各种原因所造成的登记权利与实际权利的不一致,对不动产善意取得制度的建立提出了现实要求。不动产善意取得制度是现代民法追求交易安全和促进经济发展的必然。不动产善意取得制度的现实基础是登记制度。公示公信原则是不动产善意取得制度的理论基础。     

Electoral registration and the control of votes: The case of Chile

We investigate how the employment relationship may lead employers to control the voting behavior and to induce the electoral registration of their workers. Forced registration and the control of votes become feasible when voting behavior is observable, as in open ballot elections. Workers whose vote is controlled are more likely to be registered as compared to other eligible voters, increasing their impact on electoral outcomes. Increasing the secrecy of the vote (for instance with the adoption of a secret ballot) significantly reduces the control of votes. Electoral registration, however, remains biased as long as the probability of voting behavior disclosure induces less ideologically motivated voters to comply with the political preference of the employer. We provide empirical support for the predictions of the model examining the effects of the introduction of the secret ballot in Chile in 1958.     

“引异议登记制度入股权登记领域”的初探

随着市场经济的迅速发展,‘一股多转’案件屡见不鲜。‘一股多转’具有存在空间的根本原因在于股权转让的完成与股权变更的登记具有时间差,这种时间差难以消除的特性决定了难以从根本上杜绝‘一股多转’行为。引异议登记制度入股权登记领域,对现有制度进行补充,以破除公信力,使得第三人不能主张善意信赖而取得股权,从而保护原受让股东利益或许是一条可行的路径;而这条路径的构建亦是契合了利益平衡的理念。     

城镇化过程中农民的迁徙自由及其实现

迁徙自由作为一项基本人权,已经得到国际社会广泛地认可.在当今城镇化迅速发展过程中,二元对立的户籍制度把城乡人口分成利益上不平等的社会阶层,客观上造成了城乡居民身份上的等级差别.随着法治国家的不断完善,户籍制度改革的步伐已势不可挡,借鉴国外保障迁徙自由权和改革户籍制度的经验,找出一条适合中国国情的现实路径,需要宪法和法律层面规定公民的迁徙自由权,废除二元制户籍制度格局,对农民工子女实行同样的教育政策.这不仅是迁徙自由的应有之义,也是宪政平等理念的内在要求.     

The utility of sex offender registration: a research note†

ABSTRACT

Sex offender registries are one of the more hotly debated and polarising topics in criminology. Registries are generally perceived as valuable by the public, legislators, and law enforcement. However, academics and treatment providers have largely remained critical, arguing registries are costly and ineffective. Continued support despite these claims has led some scholars to suggest that proponents are unaware of evidence, indifferent to science, and perhaps driven by emotions. Yet this conclusion denies important facts. First, statistical evidence shows that registrants are at far higher risk of committing a sex crime than the general public. Second, high-quality empirical research suggests that enacting registries is associated with significant decreases in sex offences. Third, there is prima facie evidence that registration has assisted in police investigations and prevented sexual crimes. Recognising these arguments is likely an important step towards improving the quality of debate, science, and policy on registration.     

情势变更原则在建设工程合同中的适用——德国建筑私法实践及其对我国的启示

交易基础障碍制度在德国民法学说史上历经百余年的发展锤炼,渐以成熟完善,并于2002年债法改革后法典化。其相比于我国的情势变更原则具有更加广泛的内涵与外延,在适用标准的界定上殊值借鉴。具体到建设工程施工合同领域中,需要首先通过合同解释规则确定合同约定的内容,其次要将合同约定的风险承担和法定的风险划分进行剥离,再次需要个案判断情势的变化是否"重大",最后要严格把握"不可苛求"、"牺牲临界"的标准。当事人主张适用交易基础障碍制度,首先须提出调整方案,调整的目的并非在于重置合同当事人之间的等价关系,而仅在于结束一方当事人"不可苛求"的履行状态;调整不成或债权人拒绝调整的,遭受不利益的一方当事人有权请求解除合同。     

公司法股权转让与股东资格取得关系探讨——以(2009)皖民二终字第0011号判决为素材

股权受让人在股权转让后是否直接取得股东资格而成为股东,现行法律规定并不明确。发生股权转让后公司尽管有义务变更股东名册和工商登记,但只在股权受让人将股权转让的事实通知公司后,才产生公司的变更义务。通知公司后即产生变更义务。在公司实务中,股权出让人在出让股权前向其他股东发出的通知有时可以认定为通知公司,应该结合具体案情综合判断。股东名册法理上的对抗效力与明文规定的工商登记的对抗效力相互矛盾,而且只有公司才能申请变更登记,这会影响股权受让人股东资格的取得,损害股权转让双方及其债权人的利益。     

From walls to membranes: fortress polis and the governance of urban public space in 21st century Britain

Drawing on the work of Paul Virilio, this paper addresses changes in the architectural and legal topography of the urban landscape through an examination of regulatory patterns, which increasingly intensify governance through, and as, ‘control’. Such regulation is ambivalent in that it cuts across many traditionally discrete regimes of power melding them into new forms with new effects; as a consequence it is no longer sufficient to think in terms of such distinctions as private/public, civil/criminal, and so on. This paper argues that a concern with patterns of enclosure and privatisation in our urban centres must now be placed within the context of changes in architectural practice and technology, which the authors term ‘open architecture’, and the embedding of governance through partnership, which give particular emphasis to the use of dematerialised and diffused modes of control. The paper utilises Virilio’s history and image of the fortress, which he tracks from a material form to a dematerialised form, to envisage these developments and to provide the foundation for an understanding of the importance of the development of practices of surveillance into, what the authors term, ‘total registration’ as a feature and function of governance through ‘control’.