From walls to membranes: fortress polis and the governance of urban public space in 21st century Britain

Drawing on the work of Paul Virilio, this paper addresses changes in the architectural and legal topography of the urban landscape through an examination of regulatory patterns, which increasingly intensify governance through, and as, ‘control’. Such regulation is ambivalent in that it cuts across many traditionally discrete regimes of power melding them into new forms with new effects; as a consequence it is no longer sufficient to think in terms of such distinctions as private/public, civil/criminal, and so on. This paper argues that a concern with patterns of enclosure and privatisation in our urban centres must now be placed within the context of changes in architectural practice and technology, which the authors term ‘open architecture’, and the embedding of governance through partnership, which give particular emphasis to the use of dematerialised and diffused modes of control. The paper utilises Virilio’s history and image of the fortress, which he tracks from a material form to a dematerialised form, to envisage these developments and to provide the foundation for an understanding of the importance of the development of practices of surveillance into, what the authors term, ‘total registration’ as a feature and function of governance through ‘control’.

农村留守儿童犯罪的成因及解决途径——基于山东省农村留守儿童犯罪问题调查之数据

农村留守儿童现象,是我国农民工问题的＂副产品＂。经济发展的不平衡性和社会转型过程中的政策断层持续拉大了城乡差距,使农民工难以摆脱弱势群体的地位,加之城乡分割的义务教育二元体制,致使大量的农村儿童不得不与他们的父母分离,父母对孩子成长的重要影响基本上失去了本原性意义,使得农村儿童的教育与成长处于真空之中。在父母法定监护责任缺失,我国尚未建立起国家监护、委托监护以及学校监护等制度的情势下,一些留守儿童因缺乏正确引导而染上不良恶习,进而走上犯罪道路,严重影响到农村社会稳定。因此,要减少农村留守儿童犯罪,必须彻底改革我国现行的户籍制度,拆除依附在该制度之上的诸如就业、医疗、住房、教育等方面的制度壁垒,引导农村富余劳动力在城乡间的有序流动;重构我国的未成年人监护制度,建立起以学校监护为中心的国家监护、法定监护、社区监护等新型监护体系,以填补家庭教育的＂缺位＂,为农村留守儿童的健康成长创建一个良好的生态环境,确保农村社会治安稳定与和谐发展。     

非法证据的有限排除主义之惑——对《非法证据排除规定》五大理论问题之解读

《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》在对非法证据尤其是非法言词证据的界定、非法证据的证据能力之排除及证明责任的分配、证明标准的设计方面具有开创性的意义。但从该文本在非法实物证据及其排除方面的阙如、对非法言词证据排除在程序设计上的不彻底性等几个方面来看,它所设定的仍是一种对非法证据有保留地排除制度,遵循的其实是非法证据的有限排除主义,因而有进一步完善的必要。     

我国商事登记制度之检讨

商事登记制度是我国经济立法中的一项重要制度。商事登记行为的性质为行政行为,更进一步说商事登记行为在一般行业为行政确认行为,但在涉及国家利益、公共利益或风险大对公众影响面较广的特殊行业为行政许可行为。应从商事登记制度的目标和价值入手来界定商事登记必要记载事项的相对统一的标准。商事登记的效力也因主体不同、登记事项不同而有所不同。目前商事登记制度还存在许多不完善之处,有必要予以完善。     

机动车物权变动公示论

机动车的物权变动应区分情况适用法律,未完成初始登记的机动车物权变动应适用《物权法》第23条,已完成初始登记的机动车物权变动应适用《物权法》第24条。《物权法》第24条不宜解释为物权变动的意思主义模式,未经登记的机动车所有权变动仍应坚持交付后方生效。对未登记机动车物权不得对抗的善意第三人,应采用限制说。对于机动车占有与机动车登记二元公示引发的冲突应采取一定的措施加以避免。     

商事登记的界定及其价值取向

商事登记是指登记申请人按照法律规定向主管机关提出旨在确认商事主体的主体资格、营业资格及其他重大事项的申请,并由主管机关依法对申请事项审核登记的一系列法律行为。商事登记过程中行政机关的登记行为应为行政确认,而非行政许可。商事登记的价值取向为安全和效率,其中效率优先,兼顾安全．正确认识二者之间的关系对商事登记立法及实践意义重大。     

物权法中不动产登记制度之评析

我国的物权法既保持了现行有关不动产登记制度的稳定性和连续性,又根据现实需要创设了一些适应社会需求的制度,呈现出一定的创新性。由于不动产登记牵涉到我国现有登记管理体制的改革,因此,如何使物权法关于不动产登记的规定发生实际的规制作用成了当前亟待解决的问题,制定不动产登记法是解决这一问题的正确选择。     

简析《物权法》不动产登记机关的赔偿责任

《物权法》规定,房地产登记机关囚登记错误,给他人造成损害的,登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。但适并没有具体说明申请程序,责任性质和对损害赔偿的责任标准。就这些问题,笔者提出了一些的意见。登记机关如果登记错误,登记的权利状态不符合申请人提交的申请材料中的所请求的状态。审查的准则包括正式审查的立法和实质性审查。对损害赔偿责任的确定应取决于赔偿责任的构成要素,包括的主要内容和行为因素,此赔偿责任的标准应适用过错责任的原则。     

对中国登记离婚制度的评价与反思

The Regulations on Marriage Registration promulgated in 2003 advocates the ideas for autonomy of private law, such as “autonomy of individual will”, “self responsibility” and “self-determination right”, ushering a new era of Chinese divorce registration system from supervision by employed institution to self responsibility, however, such issues also result in excessive freedom and insufficient restriction. In setting up the divorce registration system, therefore, it shall also be considered for the protection of disadvantaged parties and minor children so as to ensure the fairness and justice of law and the harmony and stability of society. Xia Yinlan, LL.D, is a professor and doctoral tutor and the dean of the School of International Studies in China University of Political Science and Law. She is also the vice chairman of Beijing Women’s Federation, the member of the executive committee of China Women’s Federation, the director of Marriage and Family Legal Research Institution under the supervision of China Law Society, the vice director of China Association of Marriage and Family Studies, the standing director of the International Family Law Society, the vice director of Beijing Women’s Law Research Institution. Her major academic interest covers women’s human rights, heritage law and family law. She was once a Fulbright visiting scholar in the United States and a legal expert in Macau Legal Affair Bureau. She’s one of the experts in drafting the P.R.C. Law on the Protection Of Women’s Rights (revised), the Marriage Law of P.R.C. (revised) and the Regulation of Marriage Registration of P.R.C., and she is still active in participating in the legislation activities of China. Prof. Xia wrote or co-wrote more than 20 monographs and textbooks, including American Modern Family and Marriage System, the Freedom and Restriction of Divorce, the Basic Framework Research on Domestic Violence Law, etc. In Chinese and foreign academic journals, more than 60 articles have been released, such as the study on property segmentation in divorce in China, the study on family violence under the framework of women’s rights, the comparison on the factual marriage in Macau and the Mainland of China.     

中国船舶物权登记对抗主义的实际运行与匡正

对船舶物权变动,《中华人民共和国物权法》仍延续了《中华人民共和国海商法》登记对抗主义立法例,但在登记对抗主义的具体表述上,摒弃了《中华人民共和国海商法》等法律先要求＂应当登记＂,后规定＂未登记,不得第三人＂的做法,同时将第三人明确限定为善意第三人。这一本来更符合登记对抗主义真义的表述,却引发了海事海商实务部门较普遍的疑虑、困惑和担忧。这既暴露了长期以来学界在理解登记对抗主义上的纷争和分歧,也暴露了司法实践中一般理念和做法与登记对抗主义真义的偏离,同时还说明不仅在船舶物权变动,而且在其他采登记对抗主义的物权方面,均缺乏对登记对抗主义真义完整、准确的解读。采用实证分析方法,通过43个样本案例,描述、总结当前中国司法实践中船舶登记对抗主义的实际运行及特点,并在此基础上,通过对登记对抗主义的真义探寻,针对司法实践中涉及登记对抗的典型判断,就如何对其予以匡正提出意见和看法。