Impressions of ineffectiveness: exploring support partners’ attitudes toward sex offender registration and notification

ABSTRACT

The present study utilized in-depth qualitative interviews with 38 people who provided formal social support to registered sex offenders to explore their attitudes toward sex offender registration and notification (SORN). Findings revealed that there were three primary areas of perceptions that these support partners had concerning SORN laws. These themes – incapable of adequately raising public awareness, unable to impact sex offender recidivism, and inappropriate for most sex offenders – suggested that such policies were ineffective strategies for sex offender management. Limitations, directions for future research, and corresponding policy implications are discussed.     

当前阶段我国农村劳动力永久性迁移问题

如何实现农村劳动力永久性迁移、结束"两种城市化"的对立,一直是困扰我国城乡协调发展的重要问题。结合我国当前农村劳动力非永久性迁移的状况、影响我国未来农村劳动力转移的基础因素、当前阶段我国促进劳动力永久性迁移的户籍政策效果以及政策建议等四个方面对此问题进行了研究。研究发现:随着我国经济向高质量发展转变,影响劳动力转移的基础因素发生了改变并对未来我国劳动力转移和农村劳动力永久性迁移产生了较大影响;当前我国已经开始部分放开户籍管理制度,这将对未来农村劳动力永久性迁移产生积极影响,省会城市及部分地级市、新生代农民工及在校大学生等将是主要受益者;然而,不能寄希望于通过放宽户籍制度大规模促进新增农村劳动力转移,同时要特别防止部分城市希望通过吸引外来人口来促进房地产行业发展的倾向。     

America's first voter identification laws: The effects of personal registration and declining political party competition on presidential election turnout, 1880–1916

Engaging a persistent puzzle on the decline in U.S turnout after 1896 from which the nation never recovered, this paper tests the impact of strict registration laws and declining electoral competition on turnout. This study uses an original dataset on nineteenth century voter registration laws for 1880–1916. I estimate a panel model with state and year fixed effects to test the hypothesis that the shift in electoral behavior was a function of registration reforms and competition. Findings show that turnout dropped by as much as 6 points because of personal registration laws, whereas competition increased turnout by up to 10 points. I also analyzed two case studies at the county level. The results indicate that when registration laws became increasingly stringent with stricter identification requirements, turnout dropped by as much as 19 points. Findings suggest that electoral competition could mitigate the suppressive effects of strict voting laws on turnout.     

论经济法责任的独立性

经济法责任的独立性是经济法基础理论中的一个重要范畴。解决经济法责任独立性问题首先需要明确学界关于法律责任分类的标准与依据。不能把以责任的性质为标准和以责任所属的部门法为标准对责任的划分相混淆。经济法责任的独立在于其所属的部门法的独立性 ,即经济法责任的构成要件的独立 ,而不在于经济法责任的具体形式的独立。     

“不登记不得对抗第三人”规则中“第三人”范围的界定——以对传统民法形式逻辑的检讨为思路

在债权意思主义的物权变动模式中,登记是对抗第三人的要件,不登记不得对抗第三人。登记公示的对象不仅有物权人和债权人,还有潜在的债权人和利害关系人。对抗的涵义包括不相容权利之间的竞争,也包括某种权利的主张。"对抗"所针对的问题不仅是对物的归属的确定,同时还包括对信赖利益的保护。物权变动当事人以外的第三人包括通过登记才可以对抗的第三人和不经登记也可以对抗的第三人两种类型。确定了哪些第三人是不需要登记也可以对抗的,将这些第三人排除,即可得出必须通过登记来对抗的第三人之范围。     

船舶碰撞责任的承担主体及归责原则

在中国的法律体系下,船舶本身显然不能成为责任主体。如何确认隐藏在船舶背后的责任主体,理论界和司法界的讨论经久不衰,并各持己见。运用《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》的有关规定和理论认识,提出船舶所有人、光船租赁人、船舶经营人、管理人及有过错的其他人连带承担过失船舶的碰撞责任,其责任承担的基础在于其是否实际控制、管理船舶,而不能以船舶所有权、光船租赁是否登记判断其所应负担的法律责任。     

Role-Taking and Recidivism: A Test of Differential Social Control Theory

This research measures group differences in recidivism before and after implementation of Megan’s Law. The pre–post study consists of a total of 550 male sex offenders released during the years 1990 and 2000, of which 250 offenders were released during 1990 and 1994 (i.e., the pre‐Megan’s Law group) and 300 offenders were released between 1995 and 2000 (i.e., the post‐Megan’s Law group). Offenders were released from a general population setting and a sex offender specific treatment facility. The main variables of concern include: (1) recidivism levels, (2) days to first re‐arrest, and (3) level of harm (i.e., number of sex offenses, violent offenses, and number of child victims). Statistical findings from chi‐square and survival analysis testing indicate significant group differences on levels of general recidivism; however, no significant differences were identified on measures of sex offense recidivism. Implications of these findings on sex offender specific policies are discussed.     

成都统筹城乡户籍制度改革研究

成都统筹城乡户籍制度改革,是新中国成立以来最大规模的户籍制度改革。它以实现城乡统筹为目标,欲构建城乡一体的新形态,建立城乡均等的公共服务保障体系,城乡互动,共同发展。成都改革存在经济实力不强、法律政策体系不完善、农民问题和农村产权等需要解决的问题。统筹城乡发展和户籍制度改革是一个综合的过程,需要大力提升农村经济实力,加快户籍改革立法进程,规范农村产权流转,培育市民文化,各方面共同发展,相互促进以实现成都经济社会发展一体化。     

中国户籍制度改革的取向与步骤——基于户籍功能的分析

从历史上看,户籍的传统功能是经济功能和管理功能,经济功能是指资源配置和赋税征收,管理职能主要是社会治安管理。在市场经济条件下,由于流动人口会产生"人户分离",导致户籍传统功能的缺失。改革现行户籍制度,就是要建立一个以人的指纹等生物特征为基本内容的、以计算机管理为手段的户籍系统,在"户籍信息"和"特定个人"之间建立联系,恢复户籍的经济功能和管理功能。     

把证据学打造成全人类的科学──三论实质证据观

事实是一切学科的对象。事实不是陈述、命题、描述和断定。事实是指客观外界存在或不存在、发生或未发生的全部情况和过程。事实可分为如下类型：一、静态事实和动态事实;二、积极事实和消极事实;三、自然事实和人为事实;四、历史事实和当前事实。事实有四大功能,即认识的基础、证明的根据、检验的标准、思想的指南。事实有两重属性：一为客观性;二为关联性。证据也有两重属性。证据的客观性指的还是事实的客观性,证据的关联性指的也还是事实的关联性。可见,事实就是证据。事实有四大功能,证据自然也有四大功能。证据不限于司法工作需要,全人类都需要。因此,要把证据学打造成全人类的科学。