试论物权法对市场交易安全的保护

物权法作为直接体现所有制关系的法律形态,对一个社会的经济、政治有着深远的影响,特别是对社会的稳定和发展起着极大的作用。物权法在市场经济的商品交易中,以其特有的“物权法定、公示公信、善意占有以及物权担保”等原则措施保护着交易的安全进行,保障了社会的安定和经济的迅速发展。     

从犯罪预防的角度看侦查中的若干问题

犯罪预防与犯罪案件侦查密切相关。从犯罪预防的角度看待侦查程序中立案条件、羁押的适用及侦查终结方式等几个值得关注的问题,改善立案的条件及功能,改革欠合理的羁押制度,增设侦查中的诉讼分流程序,对于预防犯罪、保证侦查程序的立法规范有重要意义。     

Infrastructural state capacity for democratization? Voter registration and identification in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana compared

A large portion of electoral irregularities in developing countries stem from administrative deficiencies, rather than deliberate fraud. This is particularly evident when it comes to voter registration and identification: the quality of a voter list depends on the existence of effective mechanisms to register and identify citizens and electors, which might not be easily at hand in many developing countries. Democratization in these countries has been accompanied by intense polemics about the quality of the voter rolls and the identification of electors, which have threatened democratic consolidation. Biometric technology has been recently heralded as a possible solution, but its effective potential is disputable. In order to understand how problems with registering and identifying voters have affected democratization, this article reviews the contrasting experiences of Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. In Côte d'Ivoire, the problem of the reliability of the voter register has been entangled since the 1990s with the politicization of the citizenship question. As a consequence, compiling an acceptable voter register has proven extremely difficult and cumbersome. In Ghana, an effective electoral administration has been key to overcoming the mistrust of the political parties about the fairness of the voter process.     

我国户籍制度改革的构想

近年来,有些地方进行了户籍制度改革试验。但是由于制度上的障碍、利益集团的博弈,资源上的匮乏、政策上的阻碍等,户籍制度改革面临着难点。我国应当建立全国统一的户口登记管理制度,实现公民身份的真正平等,注意改革的力度和顺序,对人事、教育、医疗等制度进行相应的改革,剥离现行户籍制度的社会福利和其它社会功能,促进户籍管理的法制化,建立城乡统筹、行政控制和市场推进相结合的体现平等和实现迁徙自由的户籍制度。     

论地役权的范围

地役权是物权法定原则下,最具灵活性与变动性的他物权。当事人双方通过订立地役权合同,规定了地役权主要内容。其中地役权的范围关乎地役权人行使权利的方式和限度。然经济的发展、需求的提高,地役权范围必随之变动。地役权人是否可依照变化后的地役权范围来行使权利,关系到供役地的利益,亦关系到地役权的存续。在"禁止权利滥用"的原则下,如何在物权法定原则与意思自治原则之间进行协调,是讨论地役权范围变化的核心环节。     

基于特征轮廓线的三维颅骨配准方法

目的针对三维颅骨模型在初始姿态和分辨率上差异较大的情况,提出一种基于特征轮廓线的颅骨配准方法。方法首先,提取三维颅骨模型的眼眶、鼻框、颞骨、上颌骨以及下颌骨等轮廓线;然后,根据轮廓线的长度以及轮廓间的最短距离判断轮廓线的类型,并建立两个待配准颅骨在轮廓线上的对应关系,从而实现颅骨的粗配准;最后,通过添加权值的方式来改进迭代最近点(iterative closest point,ICP)算法,并采用该改进的ICP算法实现颅骨的细配准,从而达到两个颅骨精确配准的目的。结果通过将一个未知颅骨与颅骨数据库中的300个颅骨的配准实验表明,提出的基于特征轮廓线的配准算法可以实现三维颅骨模型的精确配准,并在细配准阶段取得了较高的配准精度和收敛速度。结论基于特征轮廓线的配准算法是一种快速、高精度的三维颅骨模型配准方法。     

When Juveniles Commit Sexual Offenses: Considerations and Recommendations for Judges

Considering sexual offenders’ impact on victims, families, and communities, one cannot understate the importance of utilizing evidence‐based dispositions with juvenile offenders adjudicated for sexual offenses. This proves difficult, however, as the body of literature regarding juvenile sexual offenders is complex and often misunderstood. Research on how juvenile sexual offenders experience – broadly construed – the juvenile justice process is particularly sparse. The research that is available about juvenile sexual offender treatment, recidivism, and outcomes in general tends to be mixed as to the best way to deal with this distinctly stigmatized population. Thus, the purpose of this review article is primarily educational in that we summarize the highlights of current research and thinking in regards to juvenile sexual offenders with which judges should be familiar, and subsequently offer practice recommendations. The ultimate goal in offering and applying these recommendations in juvenile court settings is to help alleviate potential collateral consequences, increase positive long‐term outcomes for juveniles, and increase public safety.     

论道路交通事故损害赔偿责任归责原则的博弈分析

道路交通事故责任分担关系到社会资源配置的公正与效率。从博弈论的研究视角出发,比较了多种不同的责任制度。交通事故责任规则能否达到预期目的,主要取决于该规则对行为人产生的激励和约束效应。     

论完善我国行政赔偿归责原则

我国行政赔偿归责原则是违法原则。违法原则存在三方面缺陷：限制行政赔偿范围;不能解决公有公共设施致害引起的行政赔偿问题;难以解决共同侵权、混合过错等情况下的责任分担问题。为了更好地维护行政相对人的合法权益,我国行政赔偿应主要采用客观过错原则,并把无过错责任原则作为辅助原则。