工作时间对城乡就业者健康的影响

工作时间对就业者健康有重要的影响。研究基于CFPS2018数据,利用回归分析和Utest检验方法验证了工作时间与就业者的各项健康指标之间的关系,并计算了工作时间的临界值。研究发现：工作时间与自评健康、心理健康以及慢性病指标之间均存在倒U型关系,临界值分别为45.075小时/周、35.550小时/周、53.100小时/周,并且在城乡之间存在异质性。工作时间与城镇就业者的自评健康、城镇就业者的心理健康,以及乡村就业者的自评健康之间存在倒U型关系,但与乡村就业者的心理健康之间为线性关系,城镇就业者的自评健康临界值要大于乡村就业者。研究建议：可以提倡有限度的加班并给予加班补偿;此外,政府应该大力促进就业,尤其是提升乡村就业者的就业质量。     

Accuracy of BR Regression Equation for Impacted Teeth in Age Estimation in Haryana Population of India

Abstract:  Dental cementum is a vital tissue that demonstrates continuous apposition throughout the life of a tooth. Positive correlation has been reported between the coronal displacement of cementum and age in impacted teeth and BR regression equation has been proposed. The present study is an attempt to calculate accuracy of BR regression equation in Haryana population of India. The study was conducted on 20 impacted mandibular third molars extracted from healthy patients, aged between 22 and 32 years. The bucco-lingual ground sections were prepared and the distance between the edges of enamel and cementum were measured with micrometer attached to a light microscope and BR regression equation was applied for age estimation. Although the estimated age with BR regression equation was less than chronological age it was not statistically significant. Hence, the BR regression equation can be used in medicolegal as well as in forensic odontology for age estimation.     

脑外伤所致精神障碍的影响因素

目的 对脑外伤所致各种精神障碍的发生率、表现形式及影响因素进行相关性研究.方法 以淮南市精神病医院近5年来进行医学鉴定的脑外伤所致各种精神障碍患者共388例为研究对象,在距脑外伤后6个月至1年内由至少3名精神科医师根据"中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准(第2版修订本)"(CCMD-2-R)对他们的精神状态进行评估.结果 (1)脑外伤所致精神障碍中智力障碍的发生率为74.2%,以轻度以下的智力障碍为主.(2)颅内血肿、脑干损伤、脑损伤范围、格拉斯哥分度量表评分(GCS)、合并精神障碍及文化程度对智力损伤程度的影响较大.(3)脑干损伤、颅内血肿、GCS、脑损伤范围、昏迷时间与有无智力障碍关系密切;脑损伤范围、脑挫裂伤、额叶损伤、颅内血肿与精神病性症状关系密切;额叶损伤、开颅治疗、颅内血肿与人格改变关系密切.结论 在颅脑创伤所致精神障碍的鉴定中,应结合颅脑创伤的性质,全面评估其精神状态.     

运用数字X线摄影法测量跟骨推算身高

目的测量跟骨侧位数字X线摄影（DR）片上相关长度指标,建立跟骨推算身高的回归方程。方法应用数字X线摄影方法,在393例（男性174例,女性219例）活体（四川汉族成年人）跟骨侧位DR片上测量5项长度指标,同时测量其身高。通过各项长度测量指标与身高的线性回归分析,建立跟骨推算身高的回归方程;并对所建方程进行身高预测值与实际值的配对t检验、残差分析、等方差性检验及共线性检验。结果共建立有统计学意义的一元回归方程10个,多元回归方程3个。回归方程的复相关系数（R）在0．653～0．218范围内,身高估计值标准误（SE）在4．59～6．68cm范围。结论本研究所建立的身高推算方程,可作为四川汉族人群跟骨推算身高的依据。     

Modeling the macroeconomic determinants of environmental degradation in E-7 countries: The role of technological innovation and institutional quality

Environmental degradation poses a severe threat to life on earth. Similarly to other countries, emerging seven (E-7) countries have been struggling to decrease their dependence on non-renewable energy sources by adopting environment friendly technologies for reducing environmental deterioration and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. In present study, we reassessed the technological policies of E-7 countries, and addressed the issues of affordable and clean energy, institutional quality (IQU), and sustained economic growth (EGR) to address the problem of environmental deterioration. For this purpose, we have investigated the role of renewable energy consumption (REC), technological innovations (TINs), IQU, and EGR on CO₂ emissions (CE) by using the panel quantile regression (PQR) for the period from 1996 to 2020. The empirical outcomes of FGLS reveal that a 1% increase in REC, TIN, and IQU reduces the CE by 0.145%, 0.233%, and 0.249%, while a 1% rise in EGR and population (POPU) raises the CE by 0.993% and 1.546% respectively. Similarly, the results of PQR demonstrate that REC, TIN, and IQU reduce CE, whereas EGR and POPU increase environmental degradation. The impact of TIN on CE is high at lower quantiles and low at higher quantiles. The impact of IQU on CE is low at lower quantiles and high at higher quantiles Based on these findings, we have recommended a comprehensive SDG-oriented policy framework, so that E-7 countries can make progress towards achieving the objectives of SDG 16, SDG 13, SDG 7, SDG 8, and SDG 9.     

Getting Rid of Dichotomous Sex Estimations: Why Logistic Regression Should be Preferred Over Discriminant Function Analysis

Sex estimation is an important part of creating a biological profile for skeletal remains in forensics. The commonly used methods for developing sex estimation equations are discriminant function analysis (DFA) and logistic regression (LogR). LogR equations provide a probability of the predicted sex, while DFA relies on cutoff points to segregate males and females, resulting in a rigid dichotomization of the sexes. This is problematic because sexual dimorphism exists along a continuum and there can be considerable overlap in trait expression between the sexes. In this study, we used humeral measurements to compare the performance of DFA and LogR and found them to be very similar under multiple conditions. The overall cross-validated (leave-one-out) accuracy of DFA (75.76–95.14%) was slightly higher than LogR (75.76–93.82%) for simple and multiple variable equations, and also performed better under varying sample sizes (94.03% vs. 93.78%). Three of five DFA equations outperformed LogR under the B index, while all five LogR equations outperformed the DFA equations under the Q index. Both methods saw an improvement in overall accuracy (DFA: 86.74–95.79%; LogR: 86.74–95.76%) when individuals with a classification probability lower than 0.80 were excluded. Additionally, we propose a method for calculating additional cutoff points (PMarks) based on posterior probability values. In conclusion, we recommend using LogR over DFA due to the increased flexibility, robusticity, and benefits for future users of the statistical models; however, if DFA is preferred, use of the proposed PMarks facilitates future analysis while avoiding unnecessary dichotomization.     

Measuring the Tibia: Trotter’s Error Revisited

In Trotter and Gleser’s (Am J Phys Anthropol 1952;10:463) classic study of stature estimation, a definition of the tibia length measurement is given that agrees with the standard condylar-malleolar length. That Trotter did not in fact measure according to her definition, but rather omitted the malleolus, has been well documented by Jantz et al. (J Forensic Sci 1995;40:758). Both the Terry collection and the World War 2 (WW2) samples were affected, although questions remain about the latter that cannot be resolved directly because it is no longer available for examination. Trotter's data from hundreds of servicemen are especially important because the statures were measured by technicians, rather than based on cadaver lengths or forensic statures. The questions examined in this note are as follows: Was WW2 measured uniformly in the same way as Terry; are there differences between Terry and WW2 that could influence estimation of the adjustment; and is the 10 millimeter (mm) adjustment proposed by Jantz et al. (J Forensic Sci 1995;40:758) still appropriate. Our analysis relies on a measurement taken by Trotter that is clearly and uniquely defined, what she called “ordinary length”. This measurement was used to create expectations about how Trotter measured what she called maximum length of the tibia. Results provide no evidence that WW2 was measured any differently than Terry, with the exception of one small series. They also show slight morphological differences on the distal and/or proximal end of the tibia between Terry and WW2. Despite the slight difference, the adjustment to account for the malleolus is still valid.     

Political Brand Equity Model: The Integration of Political Brands in Voter Choice

The voters’ choices about political parties have many similarities with how they make their choices about commercial brands. Therefore, political parties are now constantly applying the concept and strategies of brand management to make the political product attractive, appealable, trustable, differentiable, a source of long-term relationships, and a decision-making driver. Furthermore, the political parties have to play an active role in the community's political socialization processes, which rely heavily on branding strategies. Because, the party equity is largely based on the community's social gregariousness that has profound effect on the electorates' propensity to participate in the politics. This study has deeply explored and broadened the concept of party equity analogous to commercial brand equity typology by developing a politics-specific brand equity model. This model demonstrates the integration of political brands in voter choice. Empirically, this model has been validated by collecting 550 valid responses from the constituency of District Gujrat, Pakistan. A careful analysis of these responses through structural equation modeling methodology has revealed that political parties vary according to the outcomes of their role in the political socialization process of the communities, loyalty, and voters’ attitude. Parties that have favorable role in the socialization process have strong party knowledge and thus have high party equity as compared to competing political parties, which have a weak position of party knowledge. Similarly, this study provides the roadmap and guidelines for the political parties to manage their party equity. Similarly, the model would be able to facilitate political parties in comparing different constituencies on the basis of their diversified social dynamics and political knowledge and in the development of a constituency-based manifesto, also termed “localized manifesto,” to further enhance their vote bank.     

Comparison of a Multidimensional to a Unidimensional Measure of Public Service Motivation: Predicting Work Attitudes

Significant research has been conducted to understand public service motivation (PSM) in the past decades using either multidimensional or unidimensional measures. This creates uncertainty in the review process about whether findings using one approach hold when other measures are used. PSM research faces the challenge of developing a better understanding of different PSM measures and the relationships between them. This paper compares a multidimensional to a unidimensional measure of PSM, assessing the predictive validity of PSM on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and person–organization fit. The empirical test shows that there is no significant difference in the predictive capacities of PSM on the work attitudes within the data set when using the different PSM measures. It provides some evidence that unidimensional and multidimensional measures of PSM are of comparable utility, at least within the data set used.     

根据维吾尔族牙磨耗度推断年龄的研究

收集新疆维吾尔族 2 80例牙磨耗度的资料 ,应用多元逐步回归方法获得 3 4个推断年龄回归方程。为应用方便 ,将这些方程转化成推断年龄表。回归方程的相关系数 (R)为 0 71～ 0 92 ,Fs =3 4～ 5 44>F0 0 1,t =17～ 2 5 >t0 0 1,则P <0 0 1。与实际年龄相比 ,其准确性为 3 7 5 0 %～ 65 3 6%± 3岁 ,5 6 73 %～ 78 93 %± 5岁 ,73 93 %～ 88 5 %± 7岁。