根据X线片跖趾骨长宽度推算0～17岁个体身高年龄

本文通过1607例儿童青少年跖趾骨长度和宽度与身高和年龄的相关回归分析，发现两者之间呈高度正相关，相关系数γ=0．859～0．998，相关检验和回归检验P＜0．0025～0．0005，据此分别计算出各跖趾骨长度、宽度推算身高、年龄的直线回归方程，为法医学、人类学提供了基础资料。     

放射影像学方法测量活体女性颈椎推算身高

目的测量颈椎高度建立四川汉族女性人群的身高推算方程，为法医学个人识别提供帮助。方法应用计算机X线摄影放射学方法，在209例四川汉族女性颈椎CR片上测量C3～C7椎体高度，并准确测量身高。按年龄是否大于45岁进行分组，对各颈椎的测量数据与身高进行线性回归分析，建立颈椎推算身高的回归方程。结果共建立一元回归方程36个，多元回归方程12个，所有回归方程经线性回归模型假设检验，均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。所建立的回归方程的复相关系数（r）在0．628～0．280范围内，回归方程的标准误在4．03～5．03cm范围内。结论本研究所建立的回归方程，可用于四川汉族女性颈椎的身高推算。     

The Post-Coup Military Spending Question Revisited, 1960–2000

Do military regimes spend more on the military than other regime types? All leaders cater to their winning coalition. For military leaders, core supporters are other members of the military. To solicit support from this group, first, leaders are persuaded to spend more on the military to ensure their political survival, while other autocratic leaders tend to view the military as a competing power center. Second, the cost of repressing challenges from the public in military regimes is cheaper than in other regimes; therefore, leaders in military regimes allocate more resources to the military to satisfy them. We test this argument by examining military spending in different regime types for 1960–2000. The empirical results from Prais-Winsten regression with panel-corrected standard errors indicate that military regimes allocate more, on average, to the military than other regimes and that military rulers brought into power through military coups or who have experienced military coup attempts against them increase their military resource allocation.     

Modeling the Deviant Y in Criminology: An Examination of the Assumptions of Censored Normal Regression and Potential Alternatives

Many dependent variables of criminological interest have censored distributions. Investigations that use such variables increasingly have turned to the Tobit model, a censored regression technique that is specified based on a latent dependent variable. When used under suitable circumstances, this model provides appropriate estimates. This paper discusses key assumptions of the Tobit model. It then highlights the risk of violating these assumptions and reviews alternative flexible parametric and semiparametric modeling techniques, currently used sparingly in criminology, which researchers may find helpful when assumptions regarding the error terms are untenable. By using an empirical example focused on sentencing outcomes and comparing estimates across analytic methods, this study illustrates the potential utility of simultaneously estimating the Tobit model along with some alternatives.

Evidence on gender wage differentials in Greece

The paper studies the earnings differential between genders in Greece employing quantile regression analysis and applying a variant of the selection-adjusted Oaxaca and Ransom (1994) decomposition methods to explain the components of the wage differentials. The results suggest that, in Greece, substantial differences in wages between men and women can be identified. Decomposing the wage gap between genders the results show that the difference in wages is attributed mainly to the unexplained part and to a lesser extent to the employee’s endowment. In all deciles of the wage distribution the wage differentials between genders are not explained by differences in the productive characteristics of the employed but rather they constitute the unexplained part of the wage differential.

Does mobility increase the productivity of inventors?

Although labor mobility has been recognized as a key mechanism for transferring tacit knowledge, prior research on inventors has so far hardly discussed the impact of a move on inventive performance. Additionally, existing research has neglected the differences in gains from a move between high and lower performing inventors. This paper adds to the current R&D literature by presenting a jointly estimated quantile regression to compare the coefficients of the explanatory variables at different points of the performance distribution. Additionally, dummy variables are used to compare inventive performance prior and in the aftermath of a move. Results reveal that inventors at the upper end of the performance distribution are better able to benefit from a move to draw level with or to overtake non-movers in the post-move period. Whereas at the bottom of the performance distribution a higher level of education has a positive impact on inventive performance, education does not matter significantly at the upper end of the performance distribution. Data for the analysis was derived from a survey of German inventors (N = 3,049).

重庆地区汉族未成年人牙龄推断的研究

目的运用牙齿曲面断层影像技术,研究6周岁～15周岁重庆市未成年人牙齿钙化的规律,从而建立根据牙齿钙化程度推断年龄的方法。方法依据牙齿钙化分级标准对1321名（男性577名,女性744名）重庆市6周岁～15周岁未成年人牙齿曲面断层片上的牙齿钙化程度进行分级评分;将评分值与对应的性别和年龄分别输入SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,最终建立推断年龄的方程。结果左右侧同名牙齿钙化程度无统计学差异（P〉0.05）,但性别间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;下颌左右侧8颗牙齿的钙化程度与年龄相关系数均大于0.58;所建利用不同牙齿组合推断年龄的线性回归模型调整拟合优度均大于0.67,估计值标准误男性为0.95周岁～1.11周岁、女性为1.02周岁～1.12周岁。结论该方法可用于法庭科学领域中推断重庆市6周岁～15周岁未成年人活体以及尸体的年龄。     

身高推断的法医人类学研究进展

身高属于个体识别的重要指标之一,历来是法医人类学研究的重点和热点。近几年国内外对于身高推断的研究又有新进展。笔者主要对近六年来国内外学术界发表的相关文献进行查阅,并精选具有代表性的文献进行综述,发现主要有以下新的研究进展和趋势:(1)随着人类平均身高的不断增长,原有身高推断方程有不断更新修正的需要;(2)性别、年龄、人种、地域等因素对身高推断影响大,设计实验研究方案时应考虑加入上述因素;(3)医学影像学技术,特别是CT技术成为近年来法医人类学身高推断研究的新方法。     

Vigilantism as community social control: Developing a quantitative criminological model

This paper presents the first systematic quantitative examination of participation in vigilante behavior. Data collected as part of a larger study of Jewish settler violence in the Israeli-controlled West Bank region are used to analyze the factors that lead members of a community to become involved in vigilante violence. Using logistic regression techniques it is found that settlers who fulfill requirements of the vigilante role and those located in outposts where the demand for vigilantes is greatest are most likely to be involved in vigilante activities. In conclusion, it is argued that these findings provide strong support for a criminological model of vigilante behavior that emphasizes the role of the vigilante as an agent of community social control.     

玻璃体液钾含量与死亡时间回归方程及影响因素的研究进展

运用玻璃体液中钾离子的浓度升高来精确地推断死亡时间,国内外很多学者已通过各种试验建立大量的相关公式。主要以死亡时间(PMI)为自变量,钾离子浓度为因变量的直线相关和回归方程。本文作者综述近年来的相关公式及其影响因素,包括尸体例数、死亡原因、左右眼取材、玻璃体液中尿素和肌苷水平、环境温度、取材技术、检测方法和分析方法等,以尽可能精确地推断死亡时间。