论政府数据开放立法的路径及其选择--以《贵阳市政府数据共享开放条例》为例

政府数据开放立法根植于开放政府运动,是政府数据开放顺利进行之基石。大数据时代,行政机关成为海量政府数据的产生者、保有者,如何让政府数据资源发挥其巨大价值,服务于公共利益,摆脱束之高阁的命运,政府数据开放立法的路径尝试不可或缺。不管是从权利基础,还是政策嬗变、适法依据,政府数据开放立法具有其内在的正当性。但基于法律的滞后性和稳定性,我国的政府数据开放出现了实践先行、立法滞后的局面。通过对《贵阳市政府数据共享开放条例》的深入挖掘和分析,可管窥政府数据开放立法路径的未来走向,因此应通过对贵阳立法实践的反思和批判,肯定贵阳的创新与可取之处,同时指明政府数据开放的功能定位,比较分析三种立法模式的利弊,厘清政府数据开放的关键语义,为政府数据开放从条例上升到法律提供参考。     

Differentiation of Cosmetic Foundation Creams Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: A Rapid and NonDestructive Approach in Trace Evidence Analysis

Cosmetic foundation creams are encountered as evidentiary material in criminal investigations, particularly in cases related to sexual and physical assault against women. Analyzing foundation cream exhibit is a challenging task as the exhibit is recovered in trace quantity with similar hue. In the present study, ATR FTIR spectroscopy which is a rapid, nondestructive, sensitive, reliable, and safe alternative to other analytical techniques has been used to differentiate 31 cosmetic foundation creams belonging to 23 different brands supported by chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The discriminating power of visual analysis is found to be 98.0%, while PCA and LDA further increased the discriminating power to 99.3% and 100%, respectively. The blind test is conducted with three unknown samples (pretended to be unknown to the analyst), which were correctly linked with their respective source. Further, the effect of substrate such as tissue paper (dry and wet) and white cotton cloth during sample analysis are also examined to simulate the actual forensic casework conditions. The stains on substrates could be identified and linked to its parent product as well. The reported method provides significant results for the differentiation of cosmetic foundation creams.     

Unveiling The Headscarf Debate

In March 2004 the French parliament controversially adopted legislation regulating the wearing of symbols indicating religious affiliation in public educational establishments. This note discusses several features of the new law indicating its origins, its rationale and its position within French constitutional discourse on religious freedom and secularity. It is based on a panel discussion held in April 2004 within the Gender Studies Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence. Placing the French legislative initiative in the context of recent developments in national and European case law (suggesting clear limitations to freedom of religion), the note explores the complexity of issues of gender, identity and difference in the present debate, especially when considered in the light of reactions to the law in Islamic countries.     

试论抗日民主政权的阶级基础和群众基础

“三三制”抗日民主政权是中国共产党在以民族革命为主要内容的特殊历史条件下建立的一种特殊政权形式。它既是无产阶级领导的新民主主义政权,也是包容性更强、代表性更广泛的根据地广大抗日军民的民主政权。其在实践过程中所积累的依靠工农、民主执政、多党合作等丰富历史经验,对于新时期提高党的执政能力、巩固党的执政地位具有十分重要的现实意义和深刻启示。     

利益整合与党的执政基础

利益的表达与整合是执政党的重要功能。在新的利益关系条件下,按照"三个代表"的要求充分发挥中国共产党的利益整合功能,最大限度地获取执政合法性资源,是新时期增强党的执政基础,巩固党的执政地位,提高党的执政能力和水平的一项基础工程。     

警务信息公开制度

警务信息公开制度是现代社会公开化、信息化在警察部门实践方面的体现,它有坚实的理论基础,更是适应WTO规则的需要,而从法律经济学角度来看,警务信息公开制度不但有保障公平、公正的法理学意义,更有追求“效益”的目的。     

新时期进一步增强党的阶级基础和群众基础的思考

江泽民在庆祝中国共产党成立80周年大会上的重要讲话,提出按照"三个代表"的要求,在坚持工人阶级先锋队性质的同时,根据经济发展和社会进步的实际,不断增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础,不断提高党的社会影响力.在新的历史务件下保持党的先进性和纯洁性,始终坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合,坚持科学理论的指导,坚定不移地走自己的路,始终紧紧依靠人民群众,诚心诚意为人民谋利益,从人民群众中汲取前进的不竭力量;始终自觉地加强和改进党的建设,不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力,永葆党的生机和活力.     

田兴恕与咸同之交的晚清时局

本文先是通过对贵阳教案后的中法交涉中的关键问题——田兴恕是否应该“抵偿” 问题的分析,揭示出清政府所实施的一系列交涉策略,其实是它此时不仅要对外妥协,而且还要对内有顾忌的结果。然后通过对教案查办过程中田兴恕屡屡“抗违” 举止的考察,并结合对韩超、恽出临等屡屡为之“说情”、“饰词” 的表现的分析．展现出军功阶层在当时所具有的“能量”。最后通过对四位办案疆臣在查办教案中种种“推诿”、“迁延”之举的考察分析,得出咸同之交军功阶层日益坐大的时局面貌。     

论胡锦涛和谐世界思想的提出与实践

胡锦涛和谐世界思想的提出有深刻的国际、国内背景。它是中国缓解世界矛盾、促进世界和谐的一种尝试,是国内构建和谐社会、追求和平发展的自然延伸和迫切需要,也是中国综合国力上升,外交日益成熟、自信的产物。这一思想的提出有着坚实的基础,它根植于深厚的中国传统文化积淀,是对中国和平外交政策的继承与升华,也符合马克思主义关于共产主义的伟大理想。中国不仅是和谐世界的提倡者,也是和谐世界的忠实实践者。     

贫困地区村级集体经济与村级组织建设

发展壮大村级集体经济是贫困地区从根本上解决好村级组织“有钱办事”的问题,确保村级组织正常运转、加快建设社会主义新农村的必由之路。只有开拓创新,积极培植新的经济增长点,从政策、机制等方面提供有力支持,才能促进村级集体经济稳步发展,巩固党在农村的执政基础。