The clash of ideologies: Notions of multiparty (liberal) democracy versus African systems

In South Africa traditional leaders, aka (also known as) chiefs or collaborators, had hoped that the new liberation political environment would retain and safeguard their deeply embedded cultural practices and values, which had existed for centuries, but had been partly violated during the colonial era. However, the new liberation era brought with it notions of liberal democracy—characterised by concepts of meritorious selections, based on democratic “elections”, a practice that further marginalised and frustrated hereditary cultural norms and practices, upon which the pillars and identities of each ethnic group or community were based. In discussing the complex and interlocking interests, epochs of colonial and postcolonial experience, the introduction of “foreign” meritorious notions that dispensed with the craved hereditary positions, the chiefs, traditional leaders and former collaborators appear to have been forced to abandon the liberation project and take up the issue of their survival as custodians of customs and chiefdoms; even against the messaging coming from the new political classes. Inevitably, this has created new tensions in the political governance of urban and rural communities, by elected officials who have either failed or succeeded to coopt traditional leaders. This article argues for a balance between democracy and traditional leadership that can inform modern electoral processes and modernise the cultural practices and eliminate unnecessary conflict and tensions.     

常态化社会管理的法治思维

常态化社会管理是具体地运用公权力解决社会问题而形成的“权力/权利”公法关系的机制.社会国理论认为,公权力有义务为公民提供服务和帮助,促进其有尊严的生活,这是常态化社会管理的理论基础.它包含了比传统的“形式主义法治国”更加强烈的法治需求.我国常态化社会管理应当遵循六种主要法治思维：决策的开放性思维、执法的合作性思维、执法的合理性思维、执法的诚信度思维、执法的康洁性思维和程序的适当性思维.     

技术网络化背景下的专利侵权判定——以云计算技术专利权为视角

以云计算为代表的技术网络化趋势对专利侵权判定规则及其适用带来了新的挑战。网络化技术实施过程中的分离式侵权行为和跨境侵权行为均难以根据现有规则被认定为专利保护范围,并由被告承担侵权责任。方法专利举证责任倒置规则也难以在网络化技术专利侵权诉讼中为权利人带来有效的救济。专利权人获得司法救济的法律障碍在制度设计时未能有效预见和应对,导致维权难度较传统技术领域显著增大。因此,必须克服专利侵权判定中的形式主义,以实质性侵权作为判定侵权行为成立的价值取向,以期克服由于网络化技术发展而带来的利益平衡格局遭到破坏的状况,实现专利制度的价值和目标。     

Innovation,China’s New Motto in the Mobile Era

正IN May 2013,Yu Jianyue left Sohu com after 10 years to join Koala FM,a start-up team developing a smart phone-based radio ap plication.It was one of millions of new apps in China that year.According to a report by China Central Television,the number of apps in Apple’s app store alone surpassed one million in 2013,in cluding 300,000 more than the previou year.     

刑法适用中类比推理的系统检视——对“禁止类推”命题的反思

谈及类推,刑法学界普遍认可＂禁止类推＂这一原则。实际上＂禁止类推＂这一命题过于笼统和模糊,以至于几乎每个国家都有刑法权威学者对该命题持保留态度。刑法适用过程中的＂类推＂具有两种面相——作为漏洞填补方法的类推适用和作为法律适用基本方法的类推思维,前者应被刑法禁止,而后者却是刑法适用中无法禁止的推理方法。这两种类推之间的区别,实质上就是一种＂度＂的把握,而将＂度＂界定为刑法规范目的指导下的犯罪类型更具有操作性。另外,既然刑法中两面性的类比推理足以囊括刑法适用中的全部类推,那么摒弃＂类推解释＂这一充满争议的概念更为合理。     

逆向分析在电子数据取证中的应用——以“QQ密码大划拉”为例

逆向分析是恶意程序取证的常用方法之一,在揭示恶意程序意图及行为方面发挥着其他方法无法比拟的作用。在对逆向分析基本概念、方法、工具进行介绍的基础上,结合中国大陆地区一起利用恶意程序窃取QQ账号与密码的真实案例,从查壳、脱壳、断点设置、程序跟踪、关键信息获取等方面详细描述了针对恶意程序进行逆向分析的全过程。     

论基层党组织领导村民自治的法思维

农村基层党组织对村民自治的领导地位实质上表现为法律和政策的监督权,并不是行政化的直接领导。《党的基层组织工作条例》和《村民委员会组织法》应当具体规定农村基层党组织行使职能的法律方式和路径,进一步将这种特殊意义的领导程序化和权利化。树立崇尚法律和依法治村的观念,遵循权利平等和村民自治原则,按照法律的逻辑和思维设定领导职能、转变领导方式以及选择争议解决路径具有重要意义。     

运用临床心理学技术处理信访疑难积案的思考

福州市公安局鼓楼分局与福建警察学院合作,运用临床心理学技术处理信访疑难案件,在化解刑满释放人员"过激"闹访行为和有效稳控刑事案件伤残人对已决案件的反复缠访方面取得成功,为化解信访矛盾开辟了新途径。从临床心理学层面分析,造成积案难以化解的上访人员心理因素主要有:为宣泄负性情绪、为博取同情和重视、为谋取其他利益(包括不当利益)、迷信"上访解决问题"、坚信"受迫害"(精神病因素)。在信访工作中,引入临床心理学技术处理老信访户的疑难积案,可为化解信访矛盾指明疏导重点和工作方向,使信访化解工作更具针对性;同时有益于信访者的心理健康,有助于和谐社会的创建和巩固发展。其作用和做法主要表现为:促进认知调节、提供心理支持、引导情绪宣泄。     

试论英汉思维的互相影响

随着全球化的发展,英语学习已成为热潮。汉语对英语学习的影响也越来越受到关注。迁移理论、中介语理论以及中式英语的出现都说明母语对外语学习的重要影响,其本质则为思维的影响,而外语学习对母语的影响则很少被人关注。熟知英汉思维的相互影响,有助于学习者更好地交替使用这两种语言。     

Gene expression during blow fly development: improving the precision of age estimates in forensic entomology

Forensic entomologists use size and developmental stage to estimate blow fly age, and from those, a postmortem interval. Since such estimates are generally accurate but often lack precision, particularly in the older developmental stages, alternative aging methods would be advantageous. Presented here is a means of incorporating developmentally regulated gene expression levels into traditional stage and size data, with a goal of more precisely estimating developmental age of immature Lucilia sericata. Generalized additive models of development showed improved statistical support compared to models that did not include gene expression data, resulting in an increase in estimate precision, especially for postfeeding third instars and pupae. The models were then used to make blind estimates of development for 86 immature L. sericata raised on rat carcasses. Overall, inclusion of gene expression data resulted in increased precision in aging blow flies.