Intimate Partner Violence in Extremely Poor Women: Longitudinal Patterns and Risk Markers

Despite high revalence rates of intimate partner violence in the lives of extremely poor women with dependent children, few studies have investigated the patterns of violence that occur over time, and the characteristics of women that serve as risk markers for partner violence. This paper describes patterns of domestic violence longitudinally and uses multivariate analyses to delineate childhood and adult risk markers for recent intimate partner violence in this population of women. Analyses draw upon a sample of 436 homeless and extremely poor housed mothers receiving welfare, in a mid-sized city in Massachusetts with a large Hispanic population of Puerto Rican descent and relatively fewer Blacks. We found that among women with complete longitudinal data (N=280), almost two-thirds experienced intimate partner violence at some point during their adult life by the end of study follow-up, and that the abuse before and after the baseline interview was episodic and limited over time. To examine the role of individual women's factors, while controlling for partner characteristics, we used baseline data on women who had been partnered during the past year (N=336). Among childhood predictors, we found that sexual molestation contributed most significantly to adult intimate partner violence that occurred during the past year prior to the baseline interview. Adult risk markers included inadequate emotional support from non-professionals, poor self-esteem, and a partner with substance abuse problems. Having a partner with poor work history was another independent predictor of recent abuse. Ethnicity did not significantly predict whether women were abused or not during the past year, contrary to other findings reported in the literature.     

人格与财产二元权利体系面临的困境与突破--以"人格商品化"为视角展开

人格商品化现象对人格与财产的二元权利体系造成了强烈冲击,由此也引发了诸多理论争议。当下,人格权观点与财产权(二元权利)观点、知识产权观点,分别代表了在人格权制度内部和外部解决人格商品化问题的不同思路。在这三种观点中,人格权与知识产权观点各有自身的不足或缺陷,只有财产权(二元权利)观点才是我国目前解决人格商品化问题的最优选择。     

Rural land ownership reform in China’s property law

With regard to rural land ownership, there exist many problems, such as absence of the subject of right, ambiguity of the definition of right quality, and imperfection of the taking system. To perfect the rural land ownership system in China, we should continuously take villagers’ groups and villages as the subject of collective ownership and affirm the right of the members of collective organizations. In order to promote the development of the rural economy and realize the value of land, the contractual management right should be deemed as a property right and allowed to be transferred. The transferability of collective land ownership should be gradually established and the process of taking should be further normalized. Meanwhile, the farmers must receive sufficient compensation. The house site usage right is a special form of right of usufruct. To follow the principle that property should be made best use of, the house site usage right should also be transferable.     

论转型社会中的中国农村集体土地权利制度变革——兼评《物权法》的相关规定

当代中国农村集体土地权利制度存在所有权与所有制关系混同、使用权与所有权权能趋同、权利关系与权力关系混同、私法缺位和公法越位以及功能错位等问题,因而在社会转型过程中受到极大的挑战.以土地所有制与土地所有权相分离为原则,对现行集体土地所有制进行股份制改造,在土地价值形态上实行农民集体所有制,变农民为股东,实现公平的价值追求;在土地实物形态上建立"集体法人所有权"制度,变农民集体组织为集体法人组织,实现效率的价值追求,这是当代中国集体土地权利制度改革模式的最优选择.     

行政检查公民的住宅必须使用搜查证

公民的住宅权受到宪法保护,政府是否可以通过行政检查来限制这种宪法权利,这就是本文要讨论的关键问题。行政检查与刑事搜查是不同的。相对于刑事搜查而言,行政检查的形式要件是比较简单的。既然行政检查和刑事搜查可能都会涉及被嫌疑人的住所,既然用检查证和搜查证都可以进入被嫌疑人的住所,那么两者就很容易被模糊界限而出现滥用的情况。如果行政检查不需要搜查证,那么警察是否还会刻意去获得搜查证?因此,降低行政检查的标准,就会出现以行政检查为虚、以刑事搜查为实的严重恶果。尤其当警察兼具行政执法和刑事侦查任务时,这种情况更难以避免。     

关于我国网络信息安全应急的立法构想

随着网络信息技术的高速发展及其广泛应用,网络安全问题日益突出,网络紧急事件的不断增多亟待立法加以规范。通过对网络信息安全应急立法的价值定位即安全价值、效率价值和发展价值的研究,从我国立法现状及其存在的缺陷出发,结合国外有关立法经验,提出我国网络信息安全应急的立法构想。     

Beliefs About Wife Beating Among Arab Men from Israel: The Influence of Their Patriarchal Ideology

Despite the recent increase in public and professional interest in the problem of wife beating in Arab society, in Israel, and in the rest of the Arab world, there is a serious lack of empirical research on different dimensions of the problem in those societies. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted among a systematic random sample of 362 Arab husbands from Israel, in an attempt to examine the contribution of patriarchal ideology toward explaining their beliefs about wife beating. Although about 58% of the participants indicated that there is no excuse for a man to beat his wife, 15–62% still justified wife beating on certain occasions (e.g., adultery, failure to obey husbands, disrespect for parents and relatives). In addition, although the participants tended to perceive abusive and violent husbands as responsible for their behavior, 52% still expressed understanding of that behavior and, on some occasions, 23–43% even blamed the wife for violence against her. Regression and multiple regression analyses revealed that over and above the participants' age and level of education, their masculine sex-role stereotypes, negative and traditional attitudes toward women, nonegalitarian marital role expectations, and familial patriarchal beliefs were the most significant predictors of beliefs about wife beating. Implications of the results and limitations of the study are also discussed.     

生产力：人权立法发展的物质基础

人权是历史的产物 ,人权的概念、内涵随着社会的发展而发展。人权的实现在很大程度上依赖于生产力的发展 ,生产力发展的特定阶段决定人权发展的不同状态。只有正确认识和处理人权立法与生产力发展的关系 ,才能更好地促进我国社会主义人权事业的发展。     

检察权配置的现状分析

我国检察权的配置是借鉴国外检察制度和我国古代御史制度的优良成果,并结合我国国情建立起来的,具有鲜明的中国特色,在当前法制建设中发挥了积极作用。然而,检察权在运行的过程中存在着法律规定不完善、缺乏强制力、各项权能存在漏洞等问题。优化检察权的配置,对于充分发挥检察机关检察职能,强化国家法律监督,保障法律统一正确实施具有重要意义。     

房地产抵押登记制度若干问题探讨

我国房地产抵押登记制度原则上应采取登记生效主义,但在某些特殊情况下也应承认未完成登记的房地产抵押权的效力。我国现行抵押登记制度的具体实施也存在一定的缺陷,应统一房地产登记机关,简化登记程序,同时在延长登记请求权的诉讼时效和增加登记请求权的内容两方面完善不动产抵押登记请求权制度。