Coping with lengthy ballots

Given voters' limited cognitive abilities, the learning environments voters face may have implications for how voters learn and make decisions. One prominent feature of American elections is the variation in the length of the ballot across jurisdictions and elections. This paper explores the consequences of lengthy ballots on the ability of voters to learn about candidates. Using an experimental design and a dynamic information board (Lau and Redlawsk, 2006), subjects participate in a mock election where they are asked to gather information about a single election or multiple elections. The results indicate that while voters compare more information as ballot length increases, they spend significantly less time learning about individual pieces of candidate information.     

Development of a Library Search‐Based Screening System for 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine in Ecstasy Tablets Using a Portable Near‐Infrared Spectrometer

This is the first report on development of a library search‐based screening system for 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in ecstasy tablets using a portable near‐infrared (NIR) spectrometer. The spectrum library consisted of spectra originating from standard substances as well as mixtures of MDMA hydrochloride (MDMA‐HCl) and diluents. The raw NIR spectra were mathematically pretreated, and then, a library search was performed using correlation coefficient. To enhance the discrimination ability, the wavelength used for the library search was limited. Mixtures of MDMA‐HCl and diluents were used to decide criteria to judge MDMA‐positive or MDMA‐negative. Confiscated MDMA tablets and medicinal tablets were used for performance check of the criteria. Twenty‐two of 27 MDMA tablets were truly judged as MDMA‐positive. Five false‐negative results may be caused by compounds not included in the library. No false‐positive results were obtained for medicinal tablets. This system will be a useful tool for on‐site screening of MDMA tablets.     

Geoforensic search to crime scene: Remote sensing,geophysics, and dogs

In the absence of surface indications of burial sites, law enforcement or humanitarian organizations are faced with the difficult task of focusing large-scale ground searches to a manageable excavation area. A geoforensic-based survey may exclude parts of the landscape for reasons such as diggability or viewshed analysis but leave areas still too large for invasive exploration. This work examines how drone-based remote sensing, geophysics, and search dogs may be combined to narrow such searches. Here, we ask the reader to consider two examples where forensic geomorphology and land use provided a range of possible burial locations. Following this is a multi-proxy approach to similar dilemma, with a search-to-scene case study using remote sensing (drone photography), geophysics, ground probes, and search dogs. This approach is not presented as a definitive guide, but serves as an example of the conjunctive use of well-studied methods to approach a common problem in geoforensics.     

论搜查中对公民财产权的保障——法经济学的考量

法经济学分析方法为研究刑事诉讼法提供了分析结构与观察问题的全新的思维方式。以法经济学分析为视角,重新审视我国的搜查制度,对于在搜查中容易遭到侵犯的公民的财产权问题进行研究,进而提出保障被搜查人财产权的制度措施。     

刑事附带搜查制度探微

刑事附带搜查,是执法者在执行拘留、逮捕等强制措施时,基于＂保护执法人员及其他相关人员安全＂和＂避免证据毁损或灭失＂的目的,搜查被追诉者的无证搜查制度。为协调我国关于刑事附带搜查法律规定的粗疏与司法实践较广泛运用之间的冲突,必须构建我国刑事附带搜查制度,其主要内容涉及附带搜查的类型、范围及其保护性扫视。     

监狱企业强化内部控制审计之思考

内部控制是实现监狱企业发展目标、规避风险、规范管理的重要手段。要建立健全监狱企业内部控制审计制度并使之有效和规范,内部审计必须对内部控制进行独立的评价,同时也须对监狱企业经济活动的真实性、正确性、有效性做出全面监督和客观评估。     

人肉搜索刑事规制的正当性质疑

人肉搜索引擎在2008年急速发展,响彻中国,产生了巨大的社会影响。全国人大代表要求将"人肉搜索"入刑的呼声也惊醒了人们,再次引发了广泛的思考。有必要对人肉搜索现象及其影响进行分析,并从刑事法治的角度对人肉搜索入刑的问题进行深入的探讨,以期确保其健康、平稳的发展。     

论我国现行搜查制度缺陷及完善对策

我国现行搜查制度存在诸如实施搜查的实质条件不明、搜查证审批失当、无证搜查设计不尽合理、没有确立同意搜查的情形、秘密搜查于法无据等诸多缺陷,执行过程也不尽完美,更为重要的是违法搜查的救济体制不完善,常常导致对公民的人身财产权、自由权、隐私权等诸多权利的侵害,既不利于有效、及时侦查犯罪,更不能较好地保障人权。我们应从程序启动、执行过程及违法搜查的救济途径等方面对刑事搜查制度进行改革和完善。     

犯罪学应当研究人肉搜索的规制之道

目前,人肉搜索在揭露腐败、打击犯罪方面起到了一定作用,同时也引发了诸多侵权事件。当前,最令人忧虑的是人肉搜索已经变成一场没有规则的"游戏",基本上处于失控的状态。使用人肉搜索涉及国家利益、社会公共安全和个人信息的保护。对人肉搜索并不能简单地作出"放"或者"禁"的结论,对人肉搜索应当在疏导的前提下予以规范。犯罪学等各方面的力量应当携手并肩,在优势互补中共同探寻人肉搜索的规制之道。