市场经济法治伦理与伦理本位

伦理本位是中国传统社会的一大特征 ,虽其中有超越历史的富有生命力的内容 ,但从整体上看 ,它是维护封建等级秩序的家族宗法伦理 ,其等级特权思想、依附观念等都与市场经济和现代化要求格格不入。走出伦理本位的传统 ,创建社会主义市场经济的法治伦理 ,这是建立市场经济公正秩序的需要 ,是现代市场经济的必然要求 ,也是对传统经济活动方式和与之相应的法制伦理观念的革命性改造。     

试论就业权的限定性

就业权限定性有其特定的涵义,该理论发展于日本;就业权限定性的实践基础是市场经济。当我们将就业权定位于“限定性就业权”时,就提出了劳动就业从行政化的就业方式向市场化的就业方式转变的必然要求,也就决定了我们无论是在观念层面还是在制度层面都要与此相适应。     

浅论公用企业反垄断法的适用

公用事业是一个与大众日常生活紧密联系、关系国计民生的具有自然垄断特征的重要产业。为建立统一市场,发挥公用企业的资源优化配置作用,需要对公用企业的弊端进行一系列行之有效的改革,特别是要打破公用企业现存的垄断地位。     

Rise of the temporary employment industry in Namibia: A regulatory ‘fix’

The role of the temporary employment industry as an active intermediary in the job market can only be fully understood in the context of wider processes of restructuring and regulation at a particular time and place. In Namibia, the rise of poorly regulated employment relationships occurred in a context of expanding institutional and statutory regulation of the labour market. Here the temporary employment industry thrives within the interstices left by the limits in regulatory coverage. Nonstandard jobs are premised on a selective decoupling of the employment relationship from statutory, and hence almost invariably also collective, protective measures. The mediating role of the employment agency between the client firm and the temporary labourer allows management to evade or dilute the protections that insulate permanent employees from competitive pressures in the external market. As such, temporary agency employment constitutes both a regulatory ‘fix’ for the dilemmas associated with the deployment of labour and a mechanism for the social reproduction of a nonstandard labour supply. However, the role of labour market intermediary varies depending on whether an agency is located at the top or the bottom of the temporary employment industry.     

The legacy of social conflicts over property rights in rural Brazil and Mexico: Current land struggles in historical perspective

This article proposes an approach to the agrarian question that focuses on the establishment of absolute private property rights over land in Brazil and Mexico. The author argues that current land struggles are conditioned by the property regimes inherited from past struggles. The author examines the liberal reforms of the nineteenth century and argues that the balance of class forces led to the slow establishment of absolute private property in Brazil, while in Mexico they triggered the Revolution of 1910–1917, which limited agrarian capitalism. The author then turns to the consequences of these different property regimes in the twentieth century and argues that capitalist social relations have been more dominant in the Brazilian than in the Mexican countryside. The conservative modernization of the 1960s and 1970s is identified as a turning point in the fully capitalist development of agriculture in Brazil. The shift toward food imports, the elimination of subsidies, and the reform of Article 27 of the Constitution signal the re-establishment of the conditions for capitalist development of agriculture in Mexico. The article ends with an assessment of the MST and EZLN's strategies to protect peasants’ access to land and to influence the institutional setting determining access to land.     

Struggles for autonomy from and within the market of southeast Mexico's small coffee producers

This contribution examines the historically shifting reproduction strategies of southeast Mexico's small coffee producers through the lens of autonomy. It argues that producers attempt to create and occupy spaces of relative autonomy from commodity and labour markets while also struggling to exert a degree of control over their commodity market integration – termed here ‘autonomy within the market’. Recent developments in Mexico's coffee sector – falling real prices for certified coffee, an emerging quality programme led by transnational export firms, and devastating crop disease – are transforming coffee growing regions, threatening producer livelihoods and driving diverse reconfigurations of autonomous struggles.     

Questioning pathways out of poverty: Indonesia as an illustrative case for the World Bank's transforming countries

The World Development Report 2008 uses Indonesia as an illustrative case for what it calls ‘transforming countries’. The main argument of this paper is that the three pathways out of poverty (commercially-oriented entrepreneurial smallholder farming; rural non-farm enterprise development, and out-migration) prescribed by the Report should be theoretically and empirically questioned because of the possibility of a reverse consequence: the perpetuation of poverty in Indonesia.     

东亚地区新兴市场经济体金融部门FDI的增长及其发展趋势

东亚金融危机之后,东亚新兴市场经济体的FSFDI大幅增长。从FSFDI兴起的直接原因看,东亚新兴市场经济体与拉丁美洲国家的FSFDI均属于"冲击诱导型",但前者在金融部门开放程度、FSFDI的来源国以及区域内的国别差异等方面表现出了与后者不同的特征。近年来,随着中国金融改革的不断深化,FSFDI在东亚地区的发展出现了一系列新的变化和趋势,值得我们予以关注和研究。     

掌握市场经济理论 提高公安工作主动性

公安机关需加强市场经济理论学习,使公安工作由被动地应付市场经济的要求转变为主动地适应社会主义市场经济的要求,提高公安工作的主动性,开创公安工作的新局面。     

浅析市场经济条件下的政府与企业

市场经济在实现资源配置时,会因现实市场的各种条件限制而出现市场失灵现象。为了提高市场效率,政府应采取一系列措施对企业行为进行适当干预:对于各种垄断,采用反垄断政策或市场进入管制;对于外部影响和公共产品,采用正反两方面的干预措施;对于信息不完全的市场,则通过相关法律或强制措施来干预。由于政府自身出现的障碍,对企业的干预必须有度,政府管制过多过细或方式不当,会引起企业的低效率。