浅析服刑人员心理健康教育方法

当前,我国监狱服刑人员的结构呈低龄化发展的态势,加之社会正处在转型期,其心理健康状况令人担扰.因此,以关注人性为基础,以提高改造质量为目的的服刑人员心理健康教育正在全国监狱系统全面展开.本文仅就建立有中国特色的狱内服刑人员心理健康教育的方法及其途径作一初步探讨.     

美国社区矫正的成功典范--迪兰西街矫正中心

北京正在进行社区矫正制度的试点建设.总部位于美国旧金山的迪兰西街矫正中心在30余年的发展中,将数以千计的重罪假释犯、吸毒犯罪者、被社会抛弃的流浪汉等改造为追求美好生活的新人,成为美国社区矫正的成功典范,其经验值得借鉴.     

PUBLIC OPINION REACTION TO REPEATED EVENTS: Citizen Response to Multiple Supreme Court Abortion Decisions

While numerous works explores how single events or political actions affect public opinion, almost no research explores how this effect evolves with repeated actions. The Conditional Response Model holds that while elite actors can influence and polarize the public when they first act on an issue, subsequent action will not have this same effect. We challenge this model based on its depiction of psychological models of attitude formation and change. Instead of focusing on the number of times an actor has addressed an issue, we argue that the state of public opinion is the key to determining how the public will react to multiple elite actions over a long timeframe. We examine how the public reacted to multiple Supreme Court decisions on abortion. Our results suggest that the Conditional Response Model does a poor job of depicting public opinion and that actors are not limited in their influence by the number of previous actions on an issue.     

"疑罪从无"原则在刑事诉讼证据制度中的运用

刑事案件在事实认定上存在疑问且不能得到合理排除的构成疑罪.疑罪的证明责任由控诉机关承担,证据不足则指控之罪不成立.被控告人无自证其罪的义务.司法机关综合分析疑罪案件中的证据后,判决有罪所依据的是排除合理怀疑的有罪认定,否则以证据不足、指控的犯罪不能成立为由作出无罪判决.     

被害人过错行为的刑法意义研究

当前,在西方,被害人过错已经被赋予积极的刑法学意义,它已是减轻行为人刑事责任的法定事由之一.反观中国刑法,这一问题在理论上则很少涉及,在司法上也仅仅将其置于量刑上的酌定情节来对待.这反映了我国刑法学术界和司法实践界对处于刑事法中主体地位之被害人的漠视.不考虑被害人之行为在整个犯罪过程中之主动地位,也严重损害了行为人之人权.文章从我国现行刑法中被害人之刑法地位的不足入手,进而阐述在刑法中将被害人过错行为作为降低被告人刑事责任之法定事由的合理性,最后分析我国设立该理论之模式及其在司法中的具体操作.     

我国刑法同种数罪处罚原则之探讨

对同种数罪如何处罚,理论上向来有"一罚论"、"并罚论……折衷论"的观点对立。隐于观点纷争背后的是数罪并罚的刑法目的和根据。确立同种数罪处罚原则是为了明确同种数罪如何适用刑法规范才能发挥刑法机能,达成刑法之目的。在确定同种数罪处罚原则时必须遵循罪刑法定原则和罪责刑相适应原则。以刑法的基本原则的要求为基点,同种数罪的处罚应遵循"一罚并罚依法而定,一罪数罪处罚有别"的原则。     

认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑精准化研究——兼评《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》

《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》细化了认罪认罚的从宽规则,肯定了阶梯式从宽量刑的指导思想,但其在从宽量刑精细化方面仍有不足。认罪认罚客观上存在一个与教育改善难易度和办案价值量相对应的阶梯式等级体系。在设定认罪认罚阶梯式从宽量刑幅度时,应当以教育改善的难易度、办案价值量两个因素为主线。根据教育改善难易度的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为自首型、坦白型、功利型三个类别;根据办案价值量的大小,可以将认罪认罚划分为三个价值级别。根据认罪认罚的"三个类别"和"三个级别"之间的组合,认罪认罚形成九梯度的等级体系。九梯度的等级体系,最高从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的70%至免除处罚,最低从宽幅度可以减少基准刑的5%以下。     

The Influence of Perceived Confidentiality Risks and Attitude on Tanzania Government Employees’ Intention to Adopt Web 2.0 and Social Media for Work-Related Purposes

Studies show that there are many benefits of using Web 2.0 and social media in governments. However, the factors influencing government employees‘ adoption of these technologies are not well known. In this paper, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was integrated with two constructs, namely, perceived confidentiality risks (PCR) and attitude (AT) in order to investigate the factors influencing adoption of these technologies among government employees. The sample consisted of 600 usable responses collected from Tanzania Government Employees. To analyze the data, Structural Equation Modeling was used. Both PCR and AT were found to be influential.     

A Life Sentence in Installments: A Qualitative Analysis of Repeat Offending Among Short-Sentenced Offenders

Short-sentenced (less than 12 months) offenders in the United Kingdom consistently account for the greatest number of discharges from prison and demonstrate the highest risk and rate of reoffending. Moreover, until recent changes in UK legislation in 2015, individuals serving short sentences were released into the community with little support postrelease. The present study presents an exploration of (re)offending in individuals who have already served multiple short sentences in custody and aims to understand their experiences, perceptions, and insight into their offending. Is there anything apropos short sentences specifically, or those who continually serve them, that can explain the high rates of reoffending in this population? Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight prisoners currently serving short custodial sentences. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was implemented deriving three superordinate themes from the rich dataset: (a) living short sentences, (b) “You’d do the same if you were me,” and (c) negotiating an identity.     

吉利根的关怀道德取向理论及启示

吉利根是享誉世界的美国心理学家,其关怀道德取向理论最大的贡献在于把女性带入了心理学世界,提出了女性道德发展的三个水平和两个过渡时期,对道德心理学的发展作出了重大的贡献。然而各界对关怀道德取向理论仍存在误识,所以关怀道德理论仍需要重述几个问题,以便人们更好地领会吉利根的思想。尽管我国研究关怀道德取向理论尚处于不成熟阶段,但该理论对我国的道德教育具有重要的借鉴意义。