试论当前侵害妇女儿童权益问题的特点及对策

我国正处于社会主义初级阶段 ,在社会主义市场经济体制的新形势下 ,侵害妇女儿童权益问题出现了新的变化、新的特点。因此 ,维护妇女儿童合法权益明显地成为一个社会问题 ,要充分运用国家法律法规的硬性规定 ,加大政论行为推动的力度 ,顺应形势 ,努力推动维权工作社会化 ,使妇女儿童的合法权益真正得到保证。     

Aggressive reactions to social injustice by individuals and groups as a function of social norms,gender, and anonymity

Two conflicting approaches to the study of group aggression are compared: the deindividuation theory of Zimbardo (1970) and the emergent norm theory of Turner and Killian (1972). To test these two conflicting hypotheses, the frustration-aggression theory of Brown (1986) is used which assumes that individuals and groups, male or female, will react with angry aggression when important social justice norms are violated. It was hypothesized (i) that groups will be more aggressive than single individuals; (ii) males will be more aggressive than females; and (iii) that more aggression will occur when people can be easily identified than when they remain anonymous to each other. These hypotheses received some support. Unexpected interactions between these variables are discussed in some detail. Generally, more support is found for the emergent norm theory than for deindividuation theory.     

关于缔约过失责任制度几个问题的理论探讨

缔约过失责任制度是我国新合同法中确立的一项崭新的法律制度,对完善我国债法制度体系,完善交易规则、弘扬商业道德具有重要意义。本文就缔约过失的请求权基础、缔约过失责任的司法适用以及缔约过失责任与相关责任的关系分别进行了理论探讨,以期对我国缔约过失责任法律制度的构筑有所裨益。     

The Conditioning Effects of Race and Gender on the Juvenile Court Outcomes of Delinquent and “Neglected” Types of Offenders

Drawing upon concepts from prior research that emphasize race and gender stereotyping, the present research compares how delinquent and “neglected” types of offenses (i.e. status offenses, probation violations, youth charged with contempt) are treated across three juvenile court outcomes. Beyond how offense type may directly impact case outcomes, we also investigated whether race and gender influenced juvenile justice processing within each offense type. Using data from two Mid-Atlantic States, results indicated that type of offense, race, and gender resulted in both severe and lenient case outcomes depending on the stage examined. By including different types of offenses that represent a significant percentage of youth that have been relatively neglected in prior research, the current study provides greater insight into the contexts of race and gender disparities in juvenile justice decision-making. The implications of the findings and directions for future research are also discussed.     

Service evaluation of electronic monitoring (GPS tracking) in a medium secure forensic psychiatry setting

In 2010, following a series of high-profile absconding incidents, electronic monitoring (EM) using Global Positioning System technology for patients on leave was trialled as part of a comprehensive protocol for risk management and recovery. We conducted a preliminary evaluation of effect on leave and leave violation. The total number of leave episodes and leave violations over a four-month period prior to the introduction of EM was compared with the totals in two corresponding follow-up periods in the two years after the introduction. Total episodes of leave increased by almost 60%. There was a significant association between year and type of leave episode, with leave episodes after the introduction of EM more likely to be unescorted. Episodes of leave violation reduced in each of the two follow-up periods after introduction of EM. These findings suggest potential benefits for speed of patient recovery, reduced length of stay, reduced costs and public safety.     

农民工维权:构建和谐社会的重大课题

“农民工”是中国特定的体制下对进城务工农民身份的一种描述。虽然农民对中国的改革与发展事业做出了巨大的贡献,“已成为我国产业工人的重要组成部分”,但长期以来,农民工仍是城市的边缘人,在城市里处处受歧视,合法权利得不到保障。农民工权利的缺失是产生农民工问题的直接原因,它不仅造成了农民工社会地位低下、进城就业难度加大、生活和工作条件恶劣、逆反心理和对立情绪加剧,而且阻碍了农村剩余劳动力的正常转移,延缓了城市化进程,甚至容易引发城乡矛盾,削弱工农联盟,严重影响了社会和谐。因此在构建和谐社会的进程中必须认真研究农民工问题,切实维护农民工权利。     

重大环境污染事故罪能否采纳严格责任

重大环境污染事故的频繁发生,使传统刑法理论上过错责任原则难以适应新的形势要求,不足以有效地保护环境和人们生命财产的安全。我国对重大环境污染事故罪应引入严格责任制度,这在刑法理论和司法实践上都具有重大的价值和意义。     

对重点单位安全保卫工作的思考

重点单位历来就是保卫工作的重中之重。当前重点单位案件多发,暴露出其安全保卫工作的不足。对此,当务之急是以贯彻《企业事业单位内部治安保卫条例》为契机,针对保卫工作中遇到的新情况拓展防范思路、挖掘内外潜力,提高保卫工作水平,确保重点单位的安全。     

重大突发事件在我国产生的原因

重大突发事件的出现是不幸的。人们无法忘记灾难带来的痛苦,但更应反思灾难背后的隐忧,导致灾难性突发事件爆发的根源才是最大的祸端。探究重大突发事件在我国产生的原因,既有主客观方面的必然因素,也有一些偶然性很大、不可预见的自然因素。     

我国建立宪法诉讼制度的初步构想

宪法诉讼对于保障宪法实施、树立宪法权威、保障人权和限制国家权力的滥用有着极其重要的意义。我国并未建立起正常有效的宪法诉讼制度,当务之急是设计出一套切实可行的宪法诉讼的理论和原则,建立适合我国国情的宪法诉讼制度。应当从宪法诉讼机关的设置、宪法诉讼程序的建立和对违宪行为的制裁三个方面建立宪法诉讼制度。可以考虑建立复合式的宪法诉讼机构,在全国人大及其常委会下设宪法监督委员会,在最高院和高院设立宪法法庭,共同行使宪法诉讼权。