欧盟国家保障两性平等参政法律制度研究

近10年来,随着权力机构性别失衡问题政治敏感性日益提高,欧盟一些国家开始运用法律以及法律之外的制度来平衡公共政治领域的性别比例。欧盟国家参政中对性别差异进行了法律调整,保障了两性平等参政。为了实现两性平等参政,在法律制度进行变革的同时,对相应的选举制度和政治体制进行改革。在适用配额制时,各国的具体情况是必须要考虑的因素,选举制度和配额制必须紧密配合,不能分割开来。     

Interactional Aspects of Intimate Partner Violence Result in Different Help-Seeking Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Women

This article reports a study of the possible impact of sociodemographic and interactional aspects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on help-seeking behavior. Do different sociodemographic groups of IPV survivors use different professional supports and treatments? Do different professional support and treatment agencies come predominantly in contact with women who have been subjected to different characteristics of IPV? Do different interactional IPV variables predict whether IPV victims contact the police, a family doctor, or a psychologist or psychiatrist? A representative sample of 157 women recruited from family counseling, the police, and shelters in Norway was interviewed. Three of seven sociodemographic variables showed statistically significant differences among the recruitment groups. No significant differences in characteristics of IPV were found among the recruitment groups. However, there were significant differences between the main categories (physical, psychological, and sexual) of IPV and interactional IPV factors concerning help-seeking. Our findings indicate that the help-seeking of IPV survivors is differentiated and interaction-specific and that they respond adequately to the different interactional consequences of IPV.     

医疗正当行为中被允许的危险理论初探

医疗行为作为一种正当业务行为,其合法化根据应立足于被允许的危险之法理加以解释;对被允许的危险的判断,应坚持结果无价值的立场,并考虑行为无价值的因素进行综合评价;医疗行为中被允许的危险理论的适用主要体现在医疗主体、社会必要性、患者的承诺、法益衡量几个方面。     

对监狱在押精神病罪犯问题的思考

近年来,监狱在押精神病罪犯明显增多,对他们的治疗和管理成为制约监狱工作的一个瓶颈。因此,必须从思想认识,财政、人员保障,法规建设,加强心理矫治力度,提高管理水平等方面进行综合治理,以确保精神病罪犯的改造工作顺利进行。     

医疗过失认定中的若干法律问题辨析

判断医疗过失必须考虑法律对医务注意义务的具体规定和该技术职称的任职条件的基本要求。（被）容许的危险理论认为对伴随一定危险性但对社会有益和必要的行为,法律应该容许该类行为产生的一定限度的危害结果不构成过失,该理论对认定医疗过失的借鉴价值表现为：其一,医学是在探索中发展的,在医学发展与绝对保证医疗安全难以两全的利益冲突下,全社会要理解医疗风险,不应使医疗方动辄得咎;其二,医疗方实施医疗活动要以良知与＂善良管理人＂的理性谨慎地进行医疗利益与医疗风险的权衡。     

关于ＷＴＯ协定与外资国民待遇的若干思考

综观ＷＴＯ协定中的有关条款,尽管其在许多方面对国民待遇原则有了重在发展,但各领域的发燕尾服很不平衡,特别是在国际直接投资领域,国民待遇问题实际上还没有被ＷＴＯ提上议程,本认为,即使在ＷＴＯ体制下,有条件的国民待遇仍具有不可改变的属性。     

Predicting Attrition From Treatment Programs for Abusive Men

Attrition in male battering treatment programs is a serious problem. To keep clients in treatment, it is crucial to understand why they drop out. The current study examined the contribution of both client and program characteristics in predicting dropout from treatment programs for abusive men. Data were collected at intake from 306 abusive men who sought treatment at four different sites. The rate of preprogram attrition (from intake to the first treatment session) was higher in the program that had a lengthy waiting list (46%) than in the other programs amp lpar3%-13%). In-program attrition was more highly related to client characteristics than program characteristics (all programs had rates between 36% and 42%). Those men who dropped out after starting treatment tended to have unstable lifestyles (e.g., substance abuse problems, criminal history, unemployment) and to have inflicted more severe abuse than those who completed treatment. Results also supported a significant interaction between verbal aptitude and structure of program; men with low verbal aptitude were the most likely to drop out of an unstructured program. Possible strategies for preventing attrition are discussed.     

中医药干预874例晚期非小细胞肺癌的生存分析

目的 分析晚期非小细胞肺癌（non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者生存期的影响因素,观察中医药干预对晚期NSCLC的疗效。方法 回顾性分析874例接受中医药治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,分别采用Kaplan Meier法和COX回归模型对晚期NSCLC患者生存期的影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素分析,并建立COX比例风险模型,并对接受靶向治疗的晚期NSCLC患者分别进行分层分析。结果 ①874例晚期NSCLC患者的中位生存期（median survival time,MST）为24.0个月,1年生存率为75.0%,2年生存率为49.0%,3年生存率为33.0%,5年生存率为16.0%。②单因素分析结果显示,患者的性别、确诊时的体力状态评分（performance status,PS）、年龄、病理类型、临床分期、吸烟史、化学治疗、放射治疗、靶向治疗、中医证型、中医特色外治法、口服中成药时间、中药静脉制剂疗程、干预措施为预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。③多因素COX回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、临床分期、放射治疗、病理类型、干预措施、口服中成药时间、中药静脉制剂疗程、PS、中医辨证分型是影响晚期NSCLC预后的独立危险因素。结论 ①中医药干预可延长晚期NSCLC患者的生存期。②晚期NSCLC患者中,女性、年轻、临床分期早、肺腺癌、PS低、脾肾两虚的患者生存期优于其他患者。③接受放射治疗、使用口服中成药、长期接受中药静脉制剂治疗且长期接受中医辨证治疗,可以延长晚期NSCLC肺癌的生存期。     

不同地域痹证中医药治疗特色

痹证是因风、寒、湿、热等外邪侵袭人体,闭阻经络而导致气血运行不畅的病证。痹证的发生与体质的盛衰以及气候条件、生活环境密切相关。西北方之人患痹证,宜用疏通重剂、温热之药;东南方之人患痹证,宜用疏通轻剂、清凉之品;中部之人患痹证,当因地制宜。以中医理论为指导,结合痹证的现代研究,基于中医地域医学特色,探讨不同地域痹证的辨证及治疗特色具有重要意义。     

105例儿童抽动障碍临床资料分析及中药疗效观察

目的 了解儿童抽动障碍的临床特点及中医证型分布,观察中药治疗儿童抽动障碍的临床疗效。方法 以确诊为抽动障碍的105例儿童作为研究对象,进行临床分析。在停用所有西药2周后,予自拟抽动1号方加减治疗3个月,观察疾病疗效和中医证候疗效。结果 105例儿童抽动障碍的临床表现多样化,误诊率高达57.1%,中医证型分布以肝亢风动型最多,自拟抽动1号方治疗儿童抽动障碍的总有效率达93.3%,随访1年后复发率为21.9%。结论 具有平肝熄风、镇静止痉功效的自拟抽动1号方对儿童抽动障碍有较好疗效,且无明显不良反应。