布氏锥虫伊氏亚种体外药敏试验

应用布氏锥虫伊氏亚种(Trypanosoma brucei evansi,T.b.e)体外药敏试验系统检查了国内6个T.b.e虫株和国外布氏锥虫指名亚种(T.b.b)对苏拉灭(Suramin)、贝尼尔(Berenil)、安锥赛(Antrycide)、咪唑苯脲(Imidocard)和硫胂聚氰胺(Cymelarsan)等5种抗锥虫药的敏感性。结果表明,该系统能准确测定不同虫株对各种药物的敏感性,与小鼠治疗试验结果基本相符,发现了国内抗贝尼尔和苏拉灭的T.b.e虫株。     

LESSENING THE STING OF ASFA: THE REHABILITATION‐RELAPSE DILEMMA BROUGHT ABOUT BY DRUG ADDICTION AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) as a response to children waiting in foster homes for years without permanent placement. In addressing the problem of permanency, however, Congress set a strict limit on how long a child could be in foster care (15 out of the most recent 22 months) before a state must either commence a proceeding to terminate parental rights or else lose valuable federal funding. Due to health care funding schemes and quality of treatment, this requirement, in particular, negatively impacts parents currently in drug rehabilitation whose parental rights may be permanently terminated before a realistic chance to recover is permitted. Although ASFA requires that states make “reasonable efforts” to keep families united, it does not define “reasonable efforts,” leaving parental rights and family unity subject to a chaotic interpretation of this requirement from state to state. “Reasonable efforts” should be interpreted to take into account current drug addiction and recovery research and drug court programs should be used to facilitate this goal. Research has shown that focusing on adequate treatment saves states money and improves the lives of children and their families, reducing the need for reliance on termination of parental rights.     

社会转型期农民工“国民待遇”问题研究

在传统的城乡分割的二元社会结构体制下,农民工成为中国现代化社会转型中的特殊范畴.伴随着经济社会的快速发展,跨区域进城务工经商的农民工愈来愈多,农民工在为城市发展做出巨大贡献的同时,却没有获得相应的合法身份和公平待遇.因此正视农民工目前的处境并给予其相应的国民待遇是中国社会转型期的重要任务.     

医疗事故罪的实体认定--兼与非法行医罪比较

医疗事故罪与非法行医罪是新刑法增设的两个罪名。关于这两个罪名的理解适用,学界有过一些探讨,但是探讨得不够深入。应结合与非法行医罪的比较,进行医疗事故罪的实体认定。     

Exploring the criminal histories of stranger sexual killers

Although sexual homicide is receiving increasing research attention, few studies have examined the criminal histories of sexual killers in any detail. This study examined the criminal histories of 81 British stranger sexual killers to determine whether they were generalist, specialists or both and whether their criminal histories reflected violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways. Results found most stranger sexual killers were generalist offenders and sexual homicide was part of a varied criminal repertoire and non-sexual crimes predominate. This ‘antisocial orientation’ means future offending may not be limited to sexual violence. Criminal histories reflected the violent, sexual, marginality and over control pathways, but offenders in the violent pathway were more criminally orientated. The clinical and investigative implications of these findings were considered as they suggest knowledge of the criminal histories of stranger sexual killers is an important consideration for criminal justice professionals.     

A qualitative exploration of the experience of restorative approaches in a forensic mental health setting

Restorative justice (RJ) is an intervention gaining worldwide recognition in criminal justice systems and other settings. There is a growing evidence base demonstrating positive outcomes in a number of domains, but we found no previous research focussed upon the use of RJ in a forensic mental health setting. This study used a constructivist grounded theory analysis of semi-structured interviews to explore and develop a deeper understanding of RJ practices interventions in such a setting. Ten participants including RJ facilitators, patients and mental health staff took part in research interviews. Restorative interventions were found to be congruent with models of mental health and offender recovery. Processing emotions, developing thinking and coherent narrative, and immediacy are found to be key components of the intervention. The emergent model highlights the role of containment and a high level of facilitator skill when working with a complex, vulnerable and potentially unstable client group.     

城市“三无”人员遗产处理若干问题探析--以公证实例为分析视角

近年来,国家对低收入群体的保障力度不断增大,作为城市低保对象的"三无"人员的财产也不断增加,但法律、行政法规及司法解释都没有对城市"三无"人员遗产处理作出专门规定,特别是随着我国城镇化进程的加快,"撤村改居"的政策使得农村户籍变为城镇户籍,伴随而来的就是农村五保户向城市"三无"人员的转变,城市"三无"人员死亡后的遗产处理成了新的难题。为了避免出现遗产无人继承而归公的情形,在立法滞后的情况下,公证行业应首先制定相应的指导意见,同时完善立法,明确城市"三无"人员遗产的处理方式,在《继承法》进行修改时应扩大法定继承人的范围,从而有效解决城市"三无"人员遗产处理的问题。     

关于利用彩色反转片拍照痕迹物证的探讨

在刑事技术工作中,使用彩色反转片拍照痕迹物证,然后利用柯达C—41的冲洗工艺加工,对于拍照提取与承受客体颜色相近、较难拍照的痕迹物证可以取得较好的效果,数码技术可以应用于彩色反转片的后期图像加工。     

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Subsequent Substance Abuse in a Sample of Sexual Offenders: Implications for Treatment and Prevention

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of substance abuse indicators in a sample of male sexual offenders (N = 679) and to examine the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on the likelihood of substance abuse outcomes. Half of these sex offenders reported a history of drug or alcohol abuse, and nearly one in five reported a substance-related arrest. Higher ACE scores were associated with endorsement of a greater number of substance-abuse-related problems, suggesting that accumulation of early trauma may increase the likelihood for substance misuse. By enhancing our understanding of the frequency and antecedents of dynamic risk factors such as substance abuse, we can better devise clinical interventions that respond to the comprehensive needs of sexually abusive individuals and reduce risk for sexual reoffense. As well, early interventions for at-risk families and maltreated youth may interrupt their trajectory toward adulthood substance abuse and criminal behavior, including sex offending.     

Conceptualizing the Harms Done to Children Made the Subjects of Sexual Abuse Images Online

The innovation of the Internet and the proliferation of new digital technologies in everyday life have unfortunately created more opportunities for the sexual abuse of children and especially the global distribution of child sexual abuse images online (CSAIO). Most of the current therapeutic interventions being used were designed to treat ‘conventional’ sexual abuse trauma. Victims of CSAIO may experience ongoing trauma because the recordings of their abuse have the potential to be endlessly viewed and shared by those with a sexual interest in children some of whom may be known to them. However, little is known about the potential psychological harm to victims, the extent to which existing trauma treatment modalities are applicable to them, or what modifications of these treatments may be required for effective treatment. This paper explores current ways of understanding the harms done to the victims of CSAIO and presents cautions and recommendations for moving forward.