Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing can detect likely perpetrators in some populations

The male-specific, human Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are very useful in forensic analysis and human evolution studies. The authors report two sexual crime cases in which the perpetrators were successfully traced using Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing. First, several main local patrilineages from local cases were investigated using Y-STR haplotyping, aimed to find the pedigrees whose haplotypes were identical or similar to those of the crime scene samples. Then, several key suspects were defined from the screened pedigrees, and autosomal STR typing was performed to identify the perpetrator of the crime. The application of Y-haplotype screening of local patrilineages followed by autosomal STR typing in these two cases demonstrates its usefulness for solving sexually related crimes in certain populations.     

Distorting Vicarious Liability

The note considers the decision of the Court of Appeal in Maga v The Trustees of the Birmingham Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church and analyses the application of the status based risk approach to vicarious liability in that case. It considers its application outside of the area of clerical sexual abuse, and also the role in vicarious liability of job conferred status which materially increases the risk of the commission of a tort, or helps to facilitate a tort.     

公共部门劳动关系的法律环境及其调适

《劳动合同法》第二条第二款规定的公共部门①劳动关系,在外观上与企业内劳动关系并无差别。但因用人单位的特殊性而导致这类劳动关系具有区别于企业劳动关系的某些特质。公共部门劳动关系存有区别于企业内劳动关系的法律环境,在协调机制也有自己的特点,需要针对公共部门劳动关系的特质而采取不同的员工激励方式。     

赋权与规制：我国检察机关撤回起诉制度之构建

撤回起诉虽然不是刑事诉讼的一个必经程序,但它确是一种诉讼的过滤机制和补救措施,也是终止诉讼的特殊方式。现代世界许多国家和地区都在立法上规定了撤回起诉制度。我国刑事诉讼法再修改时,应当在立法上明确赋予检察机关撤回起诉的权力,并构建出具有我国特色的撤回起诉制度,使检察机关名正言顺地行使撤回起诉权,并保障检察机关撤回起诉制度公正、规范、统一的实施。     

在大型群众性活动安全保卫中如何做好服务群众工作

国家对群众性大型活动的安全管理工作以立法的方式加以调整,足以见得对群众性大型活动的高度重视。作为大型活动主管部门的政府机关——公安机关,必须不折不扣的贯彻执行《大型活动管理办法》,把《大型活动管理办法》中的服务群众立法宗旨,贯穿于大型活动保卫始终。在做好审查资质、安全许可、安全检查、安保指导的同时,必须做好大型活动现场的安全保卫工作。     

公安机关处置群体性事件研究

群体性事件是当前影响我国社会政治稳定的主要因素之一,而公安机关作为维护社会政治稳定的基础力量,其处置机制的建立健全具有重要意义。因而,需要对公安机关处置群体性事件的理论基础加以阐释,并对我国现行的群体性事件进行动态和静态的分析,从中找出问题并加以完善。     

对律师惩戒制度的思考——以行政处罚和纪律处分为视角

我国的律师惩戒制度由司法行政机关的行政处罚和律师协会的纪律处分两部分组成。在实践中,律师协会并不具有实质意义上的惩戒权,律师协会对律师的纪律处分也缺乏程序救济。通过借鉴国外律师惩戒制度的经验,赋予律师协会统一行使惩戒权并由司法行政机关进行监督,以完善我国的律师惩戒制度。     

Y-STRs in forensic medicine: DNA analysis in semen samples of azoospermic individuals

ABSTRACT: The incidence of rape has increased, especially in metropolitan areas, such as the city of São Paulo. In Brazil, studies about it have shown that the majority of this type of crime is committed by the relatives and persons close to the victim. This has made the crime more difficult to be denounced, as only 10% of the cases are reported to competent police authorities. Usually, cytological exams are carried out in sex crime investigations. The difficulty in showing the presence of spermatozoa is frequent, but it does not exclude the presence of male DNA. The absence of spermatozoa in material collected from rape victims can be due to several factors, including the fact that the agressor suffers from azoospermia. This condition can be the result of a successful vasectomy. As the majority of DNA in the ejaculation sample is from spermatozoa, there is much less DNA to be analyzed. This study presents the application of Y‐STRs (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) in DNA analysis of sperm samples from 105 vasectomized men. The study demonstrated a great variation in DNA concentration. DNA extraction and amplification was possible in all sperm samples even in the absence of spermatozoa. The same profile was observed, for each individual, from DNA extracted from blood, pre‐ and postvasectomy semen samples. The use of markers specific for Y chromosome in sex crime cases, especially in the absence of spermatozoa, is very important, mainly because in most situations there is a small quantity of the agressor's DNA in the medium and a large quantity of the victim's DNA.     

检察机关提起公益诉讼程序性问题探析

在检察机关提起公益诉讼案件日益增多情况下,我国有关此类诉讼的程序缺失问题也逐步凸显。目前,检察机关提起的公益诉讼在诉讼的类型、检察机关的身份、是否需要程序前置、诉讼费用及后果的分担、实体及程序的处分权以及证明责任等一系列基础性程序问题上需要进一步明确。检察机关提起公益案件涉及到的程序问题是制约该制度发展关键所在,学界对此应当积极回应,我国的程序立法也应及时修改,以适应现实需要。     

警察网络公共关系危机管理中的沟通机制

警察网络公共关系危机的频频发生,使警民关系及警察形象严重受损。如何正确应对警察公共关系危机,已经成为构建现代警务机制的重要内容。沟通机制的应用是应对警察网络公共关系危机、快速恢复警察形象的必要手段。构建有效的沟通机制需要公安机关做好以下六个方面的工作：健全危机沟通方面的法律法规;培养警察的危机沟通意识;设置科学的危机沟通管理机构;提升全体警察的沟通能力;引导媒体成为危机沟通中公安机关的代言人;培养和提升网民在危机沟通中的互动意识与能力。