对加强公安机关战术演习的思考

近年来 ,社会治安形势异常严峻 ,严重暴力犯罪和各种群体性事件屡有发生。为了有效地打击严重暴力犯罪和处置各种群体性事件 ,公安机关有必要对战术演习的问题进行研究。这样 ,才能缩短训战距离 ,提高公安机关整体战斗力。     

Domestic violence: A national study of the nature, size and effects of domestic violence in the Netherlands

This article reports on a large-scale nation-wide study conducted by Intomart among 1,000 randomly selected Dutch adults (male and female) about their experiences with domestic violence. An important goal of the survey was to generate general information on domestic violence. It turns out that nearly half of the Dutch population (45%) has at one time been a victim of some form of non-incidental domestic violence. It was also demonstrated that both men and women become victims of domestic violence, and the high percentages of victimization during childhood are particularly striking. Furthermore, it turned out that domestic violence often involves a combination of physical, mental and sexual forms of violence.     

论刑事立案前的初查

刑事立案前的初查在我国刑事诉讼实践中被广泛应用,但我国<刑事诉讼法>对此却没有明确规定,使得初查的性质和法律地位不明确,在实践中导致了许多问题.但从应然的角度分析初查的性质和法律地位,初查实质上就是侦查性质的调查活动,属于刑事诉讼程序的范畴;因此,我国应借鉴国外的相关立法,取消立案的独立性,从立法上明确规定初查制度,以同理论和实践相吻合.     

论宪法调整的社会关系

任何法律都要调整一定的社会关系，所不同的是，宪法不调整一般的社会关系，而是调整国家重大社会关系，具体包括国家与公民之间的关系，国家与政党之间的关系；国家机关与国家机关之间的关系；国家机关内部之间的关系；国家与全社会之间的关系；国家与其他国家或者国际组织之间的关系。     

公安机关人物情报源研究

人物情报源是公安机关获取情报的重要源泉，人物对象情报源、人物本体情报源和人际网络情报源是公安机关人物情报源情报获取的主要目标。人物对象情报源是指纳入公安机关情报搜集目标的人物对象。包括为公安机关提供情报的情报信息人员和具有情报价值的公安工作对象。人物本体情报源是指同人体本身有关的情报资源，包括生物特征情报源、人脑情报源、语言情报源和行为情报源。人际网络情报源是人与人之间建立起来的隐性的情报源，分为内部人际网络情报源和外部人际网络情报源。     

The impact of specific battering experiences on the self-esteem of abused women

This study examined the self-esteem of 48 women who were identified as battered and compared them to a group of 48 nonbattered women. As expected, the group of battered women experienced lower self-esteem than the nonbattered women. Four clusters of battering experiences were also identified: Physical Abuse, Emotional/Controlling Abuse, Sexual/Emotional Abuse, and Miscellaneous Abuse. Analyses indicated that Emotional/Controlling abuse was the only abuse cluster that was significantly related to lower self-esteem. The findings suggest that abuse that is controlling in nature might play a significant role in the feelings of powerlessness and hopelessness noted in battered women and may contribute to the difficulty that some battered women have in terminating their abusive relationships.     

Background Levels of Salivary-α-amylase Plus Foreign DNA in Cases of Oral Intercourse: a Female Perspective

Saliva plus DNA from a suspect is commonly encountered in sexual assault cases on bodily swabs. However, without background knowledge, the weight of this evidence is unknown. It may indicate the presence of saliva resulting from cunnilingus, or it may represent indirect transfer. In this study, females who refrained from cunnilingus donated 43 items of underwear and 19 vaginal swabs. The samples were subjected to Phadebas^®, RSID^™-Saliva and mRNA profiling and were subsequently DNA-profiled to determine the prevalence of background saliva in the female population. The results report that 15.8% of females who refrained from cunnilingus were positive for saliva and a further 10.5% also had DNA from unknown source(s). These findings of the rate of indirect transfer were evaluated with the Bayesian approach, and it was found that the evidence of saliva plus a high foreign DNA source adds moderately strong support to the allegation of cunnilingus.     

Applicability of the ParaDNA® Screening System to Seminal Samples

Seminal fluid represents a common biological material recovered from sexual assault crime scenes. Such samples can be prescreened using different techniques to determine cell type and relative amount before submitting for full STR profiling. The ParaDNA^® Screening System is a novel forensic test which identifies the presence of DNA through amplification and detection of two common STR loci (D16S539 and TH01) and the Amelogenin marker. The detection of the Y allele in samples could provide a useful tool in the triage and submission of sexual assault samples by enforcement authorities. Male template material was detected on a range of common sexual assault evidence items including cotton pillow cases, condoms, swab heads and glass surfaces and shows a detection limit of 1 in 1000 dilution of neat semen. These data indicate this technology has the potential to be a useful tool for the detection of male donor DNA in sexual assault casework.