What makes political authorities legitimate? Students’ ideas about legitimacy in five European democracies and hybrid regimes

ABSTRACT

Because the legitimacy of political authorities exists only in the eyes of citizens, this study investigates which criteria citizens use to decide that an authority is legitimate. By comparing ideas about what makes political authorities legitimate, this study in five European democracies and hybrid regimes illuminates the ‘demand side of political legitimacy’. Using original student survey data, this article compares expectations of students from the Netherlands, France, Poland, Ukraine, and Russia about how political authorities should acquire the right to rule and how they ought to behave when in office. The analysis shows that the respondents across the five countries use similar criteria for granting legitimacy. Across the five countries, throughput and input were more important criteria for legitimacy than the output produced by authorities. Although several country differences were found, these differences did not align with regime type. The findings challenge the widespread view that what kind of authorities people consider legitimate is determined by their socialization in a particular political regime.     

Violent Victimization and Future Expectations: Results from a Longitudinal Study of At-Risk Youth

The relationship between offending and expectations for the future is well documented. Despite the link between offending and victimization and the wealth of research documenting the negative effects of victimization, how victimization shapes expectations for the future has not been fully explored. The authors investigate this relationship using longitudinal data derived from the Pathways to Desistance study. Using fixed-effects regression models for panel data that account for the effects of excluded time-invariant covariates, the authors examine time-varying factors such as self-reported delinquency, gang membership, binge drinking and drug use, and peer delinquency. The authors find that expectations for the future are decreased in waves in which a person is violently victimized. This finding indicates a potential intervention strategy for those who have been victimized, focusing on cognitive assessments postvictimization that could be useful in reducing revictimization as well as reoffending.     

各烟屯蓝靛瑶的信仰仪式、社会记忆和学者反思

从田野考察可以看出,各烟屯蓝靛瑶至今信仰祖灵和鬼魂,举行的仪式充满了道教色彩.各烟屯蓝靛瑶的习俗具有一系列观念基础,也具有用肢体来操演的民间仪式.思维观念和肢体仪式共存互生,成为社会记忆的一部分,通过一次又一次的操演,和经济理性对话,使传统在表层蜕变的同时,保持底层的沿续.     

南昌市返乡农民工就业及未来预期调查

在国际金融危机的背景下,南昌出现农民工集中返乡情况。为了解返乡农民工的生存现状和未来预期,通过对基层农村进行实地调查,分析农民工就业现状和心理预期,从而提出基层政府帮助农民工就业,发展地方经济的一些对策建议。     

国家治理现代化背景下重大疫情城乡联动防控策略研究——以2020新冠病毒肺炎的实际发展为例

此次新冠病毒肺炎是对国家治理现代化背景下突发性公共事件的一次直接考验。总体而言,仅仅依靠政府的单一力量很难迅速、快捷地形成应对策略,难以保证社会的总体稳定,而社会稳定的大后方主要依赖于城乡联动防控的支撑。自2003年“非典”以来,我国就格外重视对城乡联动防控策略研究。简言之,对城乡联动防控策略的探究,是应对当下肺炎疫情的一项关键举措。不难看出,此次疫情防疫阻击战,侧面暴露出城乡之间疫情防控措施的诸多不足。因此,以政府为主导,最大限度地运用城乡联动防控策略,将成为此次防疫阻击战胜利的关键所在。     

论社会宪政

社会宪政既不同于传统的国家宪政,也不同于所谓的＂新宪政＂论,它是以规范和调控社会公权力为核心的宪政形式。国家公共领域和社会公共领域并存的公共领域二元化结构是社会宪政的社会学基础,社会公权力和人性尊严的密切相关是社会宪政的价值论基础,人性的善恶双重性是社会宪政的人性论基础,国家宪政对社会宪政的兼容性是社会宪政的政治学基础。在价值层面,社会宪政遵循民主、法治、人权的基本理念;在制度层面,社会宪政主要由社会民主制度、社会公权力制约制度和社会公权力保障人权制度构成。在全球＂社团革命＂浪潮冲击下,社会宪政是我国宪政建设的重要组成部分。     

THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON SAUDI MALE MILLENNIALS’ IDENTITY NARRATIVES

The term globalization, encompassing politico-economic and socio-cultural aspects, is widely used to describe the results of rapid modernization on Saudi Arabia in an era of rapid societal transformation. Whilst the outward signs of increased globalization in the Kingdom are highly visible, the underlying effects particularly in terms of the politico-economic and socio-cultural less so. Indeed, globalization is often characterized as inevitable or unstoppable. Yet, in a ‘globalized’ Saudi Arabia the impact of globalization is not always perceived as being positive, in particular its impact on notions of individual, national or Islamic identities. Research conducted for this article demonstrates that young Saudi men identify clearly both positive and negative effects of globalization on identity narratives, whether individual, national or Islamic. Indeed, the issue of how young Saudi men negotiate their identity in light of increased globalization raises important questions regarding the consequences of increased globalization on young Saudi men's sense of their own identity, and by extension the government's promotion of an officially sanctioned Saudi national identity, in an era of rapid societal transformation.     

A theory of risk colonization: The spiralling regulatory logics of societal and institutional risk

Abstract

Explanations of the growing importance of risk to regulation identify three processes; the need to respond to newly created and discovered risks; the growth of regulatory frameworks; and the use of the risk instrument as an organizing idea for decision-making in modernity. Synthesizing these explanations, we propose a theory of risk colonization. We introduce a distinction between societal and institutional risks, the former referring to threats to members of society and their environment, and the latter referring to threats to regulatory organizations and/or the legitimacy of rules and methods of regulation. We argue that pressures towards greater coherence, transparency, and accountability of the regulation of societal risks can create institutional risks by exposing the inevitable limitations of regulation. In the first stage of risk colonization, framing the objects of regulation as ‘risks’ serves as a useful instrument for reflexively managing the associated institutional threats. This can be followed, in a second stage, by a dynamic tension between the management of societal and institutional risks that results in spiralling feedback loops. The very process of regulating societal risks gives rise to institutional risks, the management of which sensitizes regulators to take account of societal risks in different ways. We discuss links between this theory and the concept of governmentality and conclude with some speculations about the possible positive and negative consequences of risk colonization.     

The Challenges Ahead

正media are calling it an event of great global significance alongside the U.S.presidential election. The leadership change of the Party will significantly influence the political,economic and social development of China.The upcoming Party leadership faces a     

法团主义视域中的政党与公民社会关系

目前关于法团主义的研究主要围绕法团主义与多元主义的关系、新旧法团主义的争论以及法团主义的未来等问题展开。法团主义的内涵介于国家主义和多元主义之间。在国家主义和多元主义的分析中,政党与公民社会之间处于一种紧张关系,即何者为优先一直是分析两者关系的一个核心命题。而法团主义的意义在于突破两者何为优先的思考,并试图将两者作为一种整合的价值加以分析。根据其运行的主体来划分,法团主义分为国家法团主义和社会法团主义。在国家法团主义的典型国家中,政党几乎完全主导公民社会的存在和发展,而在社会法团主义的框架下,政党与公民社会的地位则较为平等。