民族文化旅游产品开发探析

旅游产品整体上具有文化性 ,旅游产品的生产过程是一种经济运作过程 ,同时也是一种文化创造过程。从这一意义上讲 ,所有的旅游活动都可视为文化旅游。民族文化以历史文化或地域文化的形式 ,可以渗透到所有旅游产品的开发过程中 ,与其它旅游资源要素组合 ,深化和影响各类旅游产品的内涵和功能     

The power few: experimental criminology and the reduction of harm

The promise of experimental criminology is finding ways to reduce harm from crime and injustice. The problem of experimental criminology is that so few experiments produce evidence of big effects from the interventions they test. One solution to this problem may be concentrating scarce resources for experiments on the “power few:” the small percentage of places, victims, offenders, police officers or other units in any distribution of crime or injustice which produces the greatest amount of harm. By increasing the homogeneity and base rates of the samples enrolled in each experiment, the power few hypothesis predicts increased statistical power to detect program effects. With greater investment of resources, and possibly less variant responses to greater dosages of intervention—especially interventions of support, as distinct from punishment—we may also increase our chances of finding politically acceptable interventions that will work.

How Much Time Should the Police Spend at Crime Hot Spots? Answers from a Police Agency Directed Randomized Field Trial in Sacramento,California

Hot spots policing has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing crime across a number of rigorous evaluations, but despite this strong body of research, there still exist gaps in our knowledge of how officers can best respond to hot spots. We report on a randomized experiment in Sacramento, California that begins to address these gaps by testing the recommendation from prior research that police officers randomly rotate between hot spots, spending about 15?min patrolling in each. Our results suggest significant overall declines in both calls for service and crime incidents in the treatment hot spots relative to the controls. Additionally, the study was carried out primarily by the Sacramento Police Department without any outside funding. In an era of limited economic resources for policing, this experiment suggests a model by which police agencies can take ownership of science and oversee the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions.     

Hot spots policing and crime prevention: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Crime scholars and practitioners have argued that police actions should be focused on high-risk crime places rather than spread thinly across the urban landscape. This review examines five randomized controlled trials of the effects of concentrating police enforcement efforts on crime hot spots. The findings of these evaluations suggest that focused police actions can prevent crime and disorder in crime hot spots. A meta-analysis of the effect sizes from the five experiments reveals a statistically significant mean effect size for hot spots policing interventions; this suggests overall reductions in citizen calls for service in the treatment hot spots relative to the control hot spots. These studies also suggest that focused police actions at specific locations do not necessarily result in crime displacement. Although these evaluations reveal that these programs work in preventing crime, additional research is needed to unravel other important policy-relevant issues such as community reaction to focused police enforcement efforts.     

新时期城镇居民消费热点探析

面对我国目前城镇居民消费需求不足、市场疲软的情况 ,国家采取了多种扩大内需的措施和对策 ,促进消费需求。当前 ,研究消费热点形成的障碍及消费热点产生的形式和特点 ,把握城镇居民消费热点的形成 ,对启动消费、扩大消费需求具有积极的作用     

BTG-Jianguo Opens in Hami City,Xinjiang

正BTG-Jianguo will open its i vestar Spring Red Star Jianguo Hotel in Hami City.Covering 35,000 square meters,the hotel consists of a main building and four VIP buildings.The main building has 163 guestrooms and a complete sporting facility.The hotel’s soft opening will take place in August 2014.Located in eastern Xinjiang,Hami City is a gateway to the interior,and also an important city on the ancient Silk Road.It boasts abundant natural     

近年来我国高句丽考古的主要发现与研究

解放后、尤其是近些年来在我国几代文物考古工作者的辛勤劳动下，我国高句丽考古的发现与研究取得了很大成果，主要集中于都城、山城、墓葬及出土的遗物几方面。通过这些发现和研究，为我们探讨高句丽的社会历史、文化特点及其与周邻地区、尤其与中原地区的联系提供了重要实物资料。     

POLICING CRIME AND DISORDER HOT SPOTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL*

Dealing with physical and social disorder to prevent serious crime has become a central strategy for policing. This study evaluates the effects of policing disorder, within a problem‐oriented policing framework, at crime and disorder hot spots in Lowell, Massachusetts. Thirty‐four hot spots were matched into 17 pairs, and one member of each pair was allocated to treatment conditions in a randomized block field experiment. The officers engaged “shallow” problem solving and implemented a strategy that more closely resembled a general policing disorder strategy rather than carefully designed problem‐oriented policing responses. Nevertheless, the impact evaluation revealed significant reductions in crime and disorder calls for service, and systematic observations of social and physical disorder at the treatment places relative to the control places uncovered no evidence of significant crime displacement. A mediation analysis of the isolated and exhaustive causal mechanisms that comprised the strategy revealed that the strongest crime‐prevention gains were generated by situational prevention strategies rather than by misdemeanor arrests or social service strategies.     

中国旅游业管理与国际接轨之我见

我国旅游标准化工作,是在建立社会主义市场经济体制的客观要求下,在旅游业大发展的背景下起步的。自1993年国家旅游局将标准化工作作为一项重要的行业管理目标提出后,已先后发布和实施了《旅游涉外饭店星级评定标准》、《内河游船星级评定标准》等多项国家标准和行业标准。旅游标准化工作已经成为促进旅游业发展、规范旅游行业、加强行业管理及与国际接轨的一项重要工作和必要手段。