只有坚持劳动价值论才能发展劳动价值论

坚持和发展是正确对待马克思劳动价值论的不可分割的两个方面。本文一方面从坚持劳动价值论出发,对一些违背劳动价值论的观点试作一些评议;另一方面从劳动价值论也应与时俱进出发,联系当今实际提出深化对劳动价值论认识值得思考的若干问题。     

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Red Seal Inks on Questioned Document

Seals are traditionally used in the Far East Asia to stamp an impression on a document in place of a signature. In this study, an accuser claimed that a personal contract regarding mining development rights acquired by a defendant was devolved to the accuser because the defendant stamped the devolvement contract in the presence of the accuser and a witness. The accuser further stated that the seal ink stamped on the devolvement contract was the same as that stamped on the development rights application document. To verify this, the seals used in two documents were analyzed using micro‐attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and infrared spectra. The findings revealed that the seals originated from different manufacturers. Thus, the accuser's claim on the existence of a devolvement contract was proved to be false.     

论犯罪心理痕迹在侦查中的利用

犯罪心理痕迹是指犯罪嫌疑人在其犯罪心理的支配下,实施犯罪行为活动所遗留下来的客观迹象。在侦查中,有效地利用犯罪心理痕迹已成为分析其犯罪动机、犯罪目的及抓住犯罪嫌疑人心理特点的有利途径。但在实践中,我们仍需注意进一步研究犯罪心理痕迹在侦查利用中存在的问题和原因,提高侦查中的利用能力。     

马克思物质变换思想视阈下的新时代绿色发展探析

马克思物质变换思想是马克思主义生态思想的重要内容,主要内涵包括三类范畴:自然界、人与自然界关系以及人类社会。随着世界绿色发展道路的形成与发展,我国的绿色发展理念进一步贯彻落实,但在践行绿色发展实践中我国依然面临许多突出问题。步入新时代,我国应当基于马克思物质变换思想,在当前从自然界、人与自然之间、人类社会的物质变换现状出发进行具体分析,探索解决我国绿色发展实践受阻和生态困境的现实问题,坚持用马克思物质变换思想推动新时代绿色发展,并立足本国国情,走出一条服务于国家新时代绿色发展之路。     

Make it "SNPPY" - Updates to SRM 2391d: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard

Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391d: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was released to the forensic community in 2019. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was used as the primary method of certification, where certified values were assigned when a high coverage sequence string was available for a marker. Using NGS to assign values has allowed for additional marker sets beyond short tandem repeat (STR) loci, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) whole genome sequences, to be included in the Certificate of Analysis (COA). Since the 2019 release, several commercial NGS panels have become available including the Verogen ForenSeq mtDNA Control Region, mtDNA Whole Genome, MainstAY, and Kintelligence Kits. In addition, three community Ion AmpliSeq panels from Thermo Fisher (MH-74 Plex, VISAGE, and Y-SNP) are now available. While the mtDNA whole genome sequence for the components are already included and no new STR markers are introduced by MainstAY, the other recently released panels allow for the inclusion of > 11,000 additional SNPs (e.g., identity, ancestry, phenotype, kinship, and X- and Y-SNPs) and 74 microhaplotypes to the COA for SRM 2391d in an update completed by fall of 2022.     

对犯罪现场勘查的再认识--以犯罪嫌疑人的作案心理为视角

犯罪现场勘查是多层次、多元素相互作用的复合体 ,是具有系统意义的现象。在犯罪现场勘查过程中 ,我们通常对手印、足迹等传统上的物质痕迹比较重视 ,研究得较多 ,但对心理痕迹即对犯罪嫌疑人作案时的心理特点重视不够 ,导致我们常常对犯罪现场不能做出合理的解释 ,影响破案。本文就是针对这个问题的探讨 ,旨在丰富犯罪现场勘查理论和促进勘查实践的发展。     

Analysis and discrimination of electrical tapes: part II. Backings

The backings of 90 black electrical tapes were analyzed to evaluate the chemical components of these films, the ability of individual techniques to discriminate samples, and the ability of the techniques combined to distinguish samples. The techniques utilized and their respective discrimination results were stereomicroscopy and physical measurements, to include observation of surface features of the backing, width, and thickness measurements (c. 64%); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using a microscope accessory (c. 83%); pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS; c. 81%); and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS; c. 87%). Ninety-four percent of the backings were discriminated through this combination of analytical methods. Finally, evaluating these results in conjunction with previously published data on the analysis of the adhesives from the same set of electrical tapes provided an overall discrimination of nearly 96%.     

几种交通事故痕迹鉴定类型的鉴定要点

道路交通事故痕迹鉴定主要可以分为是否与其它车辆发生过碰撞鉴定和碰撞形态鉴定两种类型。道路交通事故痕迹鉴定可以从车与车、车与人、车与客体物的相互关系来进行判断。通过对2000例道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的案例进行回顾性的研究,应用痕迹检验方法对车辆及其它客体物的痕迹进行检验比对分析,总结出道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的具体鉴定要点。     

Bayesian networks and the value of the evidence for the forensic two-trace transfer problem*

Forensic scientists face increasingly complex inference problems for evaluating likelihood ratios (LRs) for an appropriate pair of propositions. Up to now, scientists and statisticians have derived LR formulae using an algebraic approach. However, this approach reaches its limits when addressing cases with an increasing number of variables and dependence relationships between these variables. In this study, we suggest using a graphical approach, based on the construction of Bayesian networks (BNs). We first construct a BN that captures the problem, and then deduce the expression for calculating the LR from this model to compare it with existing LR formulae. We illustrate this idea by applying it to the evaluation of an activity level LR in the context of the two-trace transfer problem. Our approach allows us to relax assumptions made in previous LR developments, produce a new LR formula for the two-trace transfer problem and generalize this scenario to n traces.